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Soundscape
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== In health care == Research has traditionally focused mostly on the negative effects of sound on human beings, as in exposure to [[environmental noise]]. Noise has been shown to correlate with health-related problems like stress, reduced sleep and cardiovascular disease.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Basner, M., Babisch, W., Davis, A., Brink, M., Clark, C., Janssen, S. & Stansfeld, S.|date=2014|title=Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health.|journal=Lancet|volume=383 |issue=9925|pages=1325–1332|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61613-X|pmid=24183105|pmc=3988259}}</ref> More recently however, it has also been shown that some sounds, like sounds of nature and music, can have positive effects on health,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Alvarsson, J.J., Wiens, S. & Nilsson, M.E|date=2010|title=Stress Recovery during Exposure to Nature Sound and Environmental Noise.|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=7 |issue=3|pages=1036–1046|doi=10.3390/ijerph7031036|pmid=20617017|pmc=2872309|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Annerstedt, M., Jonsson, P., Wallergard, M., Johansson, G., Karlson, B., Grahn, P., Hansen, A.M. & Wahrborg, P..|date=2013|title=Inducing physiological stress recovery with sounds of nature in a virtual reality forest - Results from a pilot study.|journal=Physiology & Behavior|volume=118|pages=240–250|doi=10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.05.023|pmid=23688947|s2cid=4826491}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Saadatmand, V., Rejeh, N., Heravi-Karimooi, M., Tadrisi, S.D., Zayeri, F., Vaismoradi, M. & Jasper, M.|date=2013|title=Effect of nature-based sounds' intervention on agitation, anxiety, and stress in patients under mechanical ventilator support: A randomised controlled trial.|journal=International Journal of Nursing Studies|volume=50 |issue=7|pages=895–904|doi=10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.018|pmid=23245705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Biological mechanisms and neurophysiological responses to sensory impact from nature.In: Van den Bosch & M.Bird, W. (eds.) Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.|last=Hägerhäll, C., Taylor, R., Cerwén, G., Watts, G., Van den Bosch, M., Press, D. & Minta, S.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|location=Oxford}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Cerwén, G., Pedersen, E. & Pálsdóttir|date=2016|title=The role of soundscape in nature-based rehabilitation: A patient perspective.|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=13 |issue=12|pages=1229|doi=10.3390/ijerph13121229|pmid=27973437|pmc=5201370|doi-access=free }}</ref> some of which might be explained by natural sounds increasing [[Attention_restoration_theory|cognitive restoration]] and feelings of calm, for example.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=((Smalley, A. J.)), ((White, M. P.)), ((Sandiford, R.)), ((Desai, N.)), ((Watson, C.)), ((Smalley, N.)), ((Tuppen, J.)), ((Sakka, L.)), ((Fleming, L. E.)) | journal=Journal of Environmental Psychology | title=Soundscapes, music, and memories: Exploring the factors that influence emotional responses to virtual nature content | volume=89 | pages=102060 | date=1 August 2023 | issn=0272-4944 | doi=10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102060}}</ref> While the negative effects of sound has been widely acknowledged by organizations like EU ([[Environmental noise directive|END 2002/49]]) and WHO (Burden of noise disease), the positive effects have as yet received less attention. The positive effects of nature sounds can be acknowledged in everyday planning of urban and rural environments, as well as in specific health treatment situations, like nature-based sound therapy<ref name=":1" /> and nature-based rehabilitation.<ref name=":2" /> Soundscapes from a computerized acoustic device with a camera may also offer synthetic vision to the blind, utilizing [[human echolocation]], as is the goal of the seeing with sound project.<ref>[http://www.seeingwithsound.com/voicefr1.htm Seeing with Sound]</ref>
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