Editing Spanish protectorate in Morocco (section)

===Rif War===
{{further|Rif Republic|Rif War}}[[File:Spanishbuildingruins.jpg|thumb|left|Ruins of a Spanish camp near [[Chefchaouen]].|286x286px]]
[[File:Kaid Sarkash (Riffian leader) 1924.jpg|thumb|[[Berbers]] carrying captured rifles during Rif war, including a [[Mauser Model 1893|Mauser 1893]] and a French [[Berthier rifle|Berthier carbine]]]]

Following the [[First World War]], the [[Republic of the Rif]], led by the guerrilla leader [[Abd el-Krim]], was a breakaway state that existed from 1921 to 1926 in the [[Rif]] region, when it was [[Rif War|subdued and dissolved]] by a joint expedition of the [[Spanish Army of Africa]] and French forces during the [[Rif War]].

The Spanish lost more than 13,000 soldiers at [[Battle of Annual|Annual]] in July–August 1921. Controversy in Spain over the early conduct in the war was a driving factor behind the military coup by General [[Miguel Primo de Rivera, 2nd Marquis of Estella|Miguel Primo de Rivera]] in 1923 which foreshadowed the [[Spanish Civil War]] of 1936–39.<ref>Porch, Douglas; ''Spain's African Nightmare''; MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History; (2006); 18#2; pp. 28–37.</ref>

After the successful 1925 [[Alhucemas landing]], the French–Spanish alliance ended up achieving victory and putting an end to the war.