Editing Speed bump (section)

===Disadvantages===
[[Local authority|Local authorities]] have cited disadvantages to speed bumps:
*The city of [[Modesto, California|Modesto]] in California, produced a [[fact sheet]] which contains the following disadvantages:<ref>{{cite web|title=Speed Hump Fact Sheet |url=http://www.modestogov.com/ced/pdf/traffic/speedhump.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327051147/http://www.modestogov.com/ced/pdf/traffic/speedhump.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-03-27 |publisher=City of Modesto |access-date=2014-03-14 }}</ref>
** Slow response time of emergency vehicles;
** May divert traffic to parallel residential streets; and
** Possible increase in noise and pollution for residents living immediately adjacent to the speed bumps.
* The English town of [[Eastleigh]] states the following as disadvantages:<ref>{{cite web|title=Speed Limits and Reduction: Speed Humps |url=http://www.eastleigh.gov.uk/ebc-3053#humps |publisher=Eastleigh Borough Council |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927075215/http://www.eastleigh.gov.uk/ebc-3053 |archive-date=September 27, 2006 }}</ref>
** Can cause damage to some vehicles;
** Can increase traffic noise, especially when [[large goods vehicle]]s pass by;
** Required signs, street lighting and white lines may be visually intrusive;
** Can cause discomfort for drivers and passengers;
** Can cause problems for emergency services and buses.

Other sources argue that speed bumps:
* Distract drivers from other hazards such as children
* Increase pollution as traffic travels in a lower gear using significantly more fuel per mile;
* Are a compromise for more active enforcement;
* Increase noise by creating tire-to-bump thumping and increasing the amount of engine-revving;
* Cause spinal damage<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/3084331.stm|publisher=BBC|title=Like it or lump it: Is the speed hump here to stay?| date=July 22, 2003 | access-date=January 4, 2010}}</ref> and aggravate chronic backache.

In 2003, the chairman of the London Ambulance Service, Sigurd Reinton claimed that delays caused by speed bumps were responsible for up to 500 avoidable deaths from cardiac arrest each year. He later denied the statement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Transport Committee Minutes 11/12/2003|date = 11 December 2003|url=http://www.london.gov.uk/moderngov/CeListDocuments.aspx?CommitteeId=173&MeetingId=3967&DF=11%2f12%2f2003&Ver=2|publisher=London Assembly|access-date=2014-03-14}}</ref>

In Sweden, an evaluation of spinal stress in bus drivers against ISO 2631-5 required on health grounds that:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dynamicmeasurementsolutions.com/Articles/imacXXVI230__BRA.pdf|publisher=Society for Experimental Mechanics, IMAC XXVI Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics|title=Bus Drivers' Exposure To Mechanical Shocks Due To Speed Bumps|author=Dr Anders Brandt & MSc Johan Granlund, Swedish Road Administration|year=2008|access-date=June 2, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110710160659/http://www.dynamicmeasurementsolutions.com/Articles/imacXXVI230__BRA.pdf|archive-date=July 10, 2011}}</ref>
* bus drivers avoid certain streets until the humps were modified; and
* the maximum acceptable speed be reduced to {{convert|10|km/h|mph m/s}} on one street for drivers encountering 150 humps in a day.

Speed bumps can also have adverse environmental impact. A study found that in one north London street with a speed limit of {{convert|20|mph|km/h m/s}} and fitted with road humps, a petrol driven car produced 64 per cent more nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) than in a similar {{convert|20|mph|km/h m/s}} street fitted with road cushions. It also produced 47 per cent more particulate matter (PM) and nearly 60 per cent more carbon monoxide (CO) emissions.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/01/speed-bumps-could-removed-cut-traffic-pollution-save-lives/|publisher=Telegraph|title=Speed bumps could be removed to cut traffic pollution and save lives|date=1 December 2016|access-date=23 April 2021}}</ref> Another study estimated that, for a private automobile, the increase in fuel consumption due a pass over a speed bump is responsible for fuel waste of 10ml.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jazcilevich |first1=Aron |last2=Mares Vázquez |first2=José María |last3=Ramírez |first3=Pablo López |last4=Péreza |first4=Irma Rosas |title=Economic-environmental analysis of traffic-calming devices |journal=Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment |date=May 2015 |volume=36 |pages=86–95 |doi=10.1016/j.trd.2015.02.010 |bibcode=2015TRPD...36...86J |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136192091500019X |access-date=23 April 2021|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This multiplied with the number of vehicles going over a particular speed bump every day suggests significant annual fuel wastage for a single speed bump.