Editing Stack machine (section)

===Commercial stack machines===
{{see also|High-level language computer architecture}}
Examples of stack instruction sets directly executed in hardware include
* the [[Z4 (computer)|Z4]] (1945) computer by [[Konrad Zuse]] had a 2-level stack.<ref name="Blaauw-Brooks_1997"/><ref name="LaForest_2007"/>
* the [[Burroughs large systems]] architecture (since 1961)
* the [[English Electric KDF9]] machine. First delivered in 1964, the KDF9 had a 19-level deep pushdown stack of arithmetic registers, and a 17-level deep stack for subroutine return addresses
* the [[Collins Radio]] [[Collins Adaptive Processing System]] minicomputer (CAPS, since 1969) and [[Rockwell Collins]] [[Advanced Architecture Microprocessor]] (AAMP, since 1981).<ref name="Greve-Wilding_1998"/>
* the [[Xerox Star#Hardware|Xerox Dandelion]], introduced 27 April 1981, and the [[Xerox Daybreak]] utilized a stack machine architecture to save memory.<ref name="Xerox_Mesa"/><ref name="DigiBarn_Star"/>
* the [[UCSD Pascal]] p-machine (as the [[Pascal MicroEngine]] and many others) supported a complete student programming environment on early 8-bit microprocessors with poor instruction sets and little RAM, by compiling to a virtual stack machine.
* [[Manchester computers|MU5]] and [[ICL 2900 Series]]. Hybrid stack and accumulator machines. The accumulator register buffered the memory stack's top data value. Variants of load and store opcodes controlled when that register was spilled to the memory stack or reloaded from there.
* [[HP 3000]] (Classic, not PA-RISC)
* [[HP 9000]] systems based on the [[HP FOCUS]] microprocessor.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Instruction Set for a Single-Chip 32-Bit Processor |journal=Hewlett-Packard Journal |volume=34 |issue=8 |publisher=Hewlett-Packard |date=August 1983 |url=https://archive.org/details/Hewlett-Packard_Journal_Vol._34_No._8_1983-08_Hewlett-Packard/page/n9/mode/1up |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref>
* [[Tandem Computers]] T/16. Like HP 3000, except that compilers, not microcode, controlled when the register stack spilled to the memory stack or was refilled from the memory stack.
* the [[Atmel]] [[MARC4]] [[microcontroller]]<ref name="MARC4"/>
* Several "Forth chips"<ref name="Colorforth"/> such as the RTX2000, the [[RTX2010]], the F21<ref name="UT_F21"/> and the [[Ignite (microprocessor)|PSC1000]]<ref name="ForthHub_2017"/><ref name="Java_1999"/>
* The [[Setun]] [[Ternary computer]] performed [[balanced ternary]] using a stack.
* Patriot Scientific's [[Ignite (microprocessor)|Ignite]] stack machine designed by [[Charles H. Moore]] holds a leading ''functional density'' benchmark.
* [[Saab Ericsson Space]] Thor [[radiation hardened]] microprocessor<ref name="Lundqvist_1995"/>
* [[Inmos]] [[transputer]]s.
* [[ZPU (microprocessor)|ZPU]] A physically-small CPU designed to supervise [[FPGA]] systems.<ref name="ZPU"/>
*Some technical handheld calculators use reverse Polish notation in their keyboard interface, instead of having parenthesis keys. This is a form of stack machine. The Plus key relies on its two operands already being at the correct topmost positions of the user-visible stack.