Editing Stade (section)

===Early modern and modern period===
In 1757 following the [[Invasion of Hanover (1757)|French Invasion of Hanover]], the [[Army of Observation]] under [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland]], and the [[Privy Council of Hanover]] (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the [[Convention of Klosterzeven]] which brought about a temporary [[armistice]].

By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the [[Kingdom of Hanover]] granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure ([[rabbi]]nate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they had not employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under [[rabbi#The role of the rabbi in the last 200 years|Land-Rabbi]]{{Broken anchor|date=2024-03-24|bot=User:Cewbot/log/20201008/configuration|reason= The anchor (The role of the rabbi in the last 200 years) [[Special:Diff/278594689|has been deleted]].}} [[Joseph Heilbut]], was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.

[[File:Stade Synagogue 1.jpg|thumb|Former synagogue of Stade, 2016]]
In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for [[Judaism|Jewish religion]] and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration<ref>About a third of the Jews emigrated in the 19th century to the USA. Cf. Jürgen Bohmbach, ''Sie lebten mit uns: Juden im Landkreis Stade vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert'', Stade: city of Stade, 2001, (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 21), p. 4.</ref> to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the ''Stade Region'' (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928).<ref>Albert Marx, ''Geschichte der Juden in Niedersachsen'', Hanover: Fackelträger-Verlag, 1995, p. 144 and Jürgen Bohmbach, ''Sie lebten mit uns: Juden im Landkreis Stade vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert'', Stade: city of Stade, 2001, (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 21), p. 4.</ref> However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.

[[File:Südostansicht AKW Stade 1.jpg|thumb|Stade nuclear power plant (offline) in 2006]]

In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the [[Elbe]] river, most notably [[Dow Chemical]] and [[Airbus]]. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned [[Stade Nuclear Power Plant]], which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the [[Schilling Power Station]].