Editing Star Trek project (section)

==Similar concepts==

===Within Apple===
Apple's first and quickly aborted concept of porting its flagship operating system to Intel systems was in 1985, following the exit of [[Steve Jobs]]. Apple did not reattempt this effort until Star Trek, and did not launch such a product until 2006.<ref name="Hormby_2014"/>

Apple has actually shipped products based upon the concept of hybridizing System 7 into a [[operating system shell|shell application]] platform.  It was accomplished in the form of the <code>[[A/UX#Features|startmac]]</code> process and other hybridized applications launched atop its UNIX-based [[A/UX]] system.  It was also accomplished in the form of the [[Macintosh Application Environment]] (MAE), which was the functional equivalent of Star Trek plus an embedded [[Motorola 68000|68k]] emulator (as was the case with System 7 for Power Macintosh), running as an application for Solaris and [[HP/UX]].  Apple also delivered its "DOS compatible" models of Macs, which is a hybridized Mac with a [[System 7#PC compatibility|concurrently functional]] Intel coprocessor card inside. System 7 and later have always had DOS filesystem compatibility.<ref name="DOSfilesystemtechnote"/>

Although a direct x86 port of the classic Mac&nbsp;OS was never released to the public, determined users could make Apple's retail OS run upon non-Mac computers through [[emulator|emulation]].  The development of these emulation environments was said to have been inspired by the initiative shown in the Star&nbsp;Trek project.{{citation needed|date=February 2007}} Two of the more popular 68k Macintosh emulators are [[vMac]] and [[Basilisk II]], and a PowerPC Macintosh emulator is [[SheepShaver]]; each are written by third parties.

Ten years after Project Star&nbsp;Trek, it became possible to natively run [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]], the [[Unix]]-based core of [[Mac OS X]], on the x86 platform by virtue of its [[NeXTstep]] foundation.<ref name="Caulfield_2010"/>  This port was widely available because Darwin was [[Open-source license|open source]] under the [[Apple Public Source License]].  However, the Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X [[graphical user interface]], named [[Aqua (GUI)|Aqua]], was proprietary. It was not included with Darwin, which depended on other [[window managers]] running on [[X11]] for graphical interfaces, and thus most commercial Mac OS applications cannot run natively on Darwin alone.

Apple ran a similar project to Star&nbsp;Trek for Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X, called [[Marklar project|Marklar]],<ref name="Rose_2012"/><ref name="Kim_2012"/><ref name="dePlume_2002"/><ref name="Covestor_2012"/><ref name="Orlowski_2012"/> later referred to by Steve Jobs as having been the "secret double life" of the publicly Power PC-only Mac OS.<ref name="Caulfield_2010"/> This project was to retain [[OPENSTEP]]'s x86 port, keeping Mac&nbsp;OS&nbsp;X and all supporting applications (including [[iLife]] and [[Xcode]]) running on the x86 architecture as well as that of the PowerPC. Marklar was publicly revealed by Apple's CEO [[Steve Jobs]] in June 2005 when he announced the Macintosh [[Mac transition to Intel processors|transition to Intel processors]] starting in 2006.<ref name="Orlowski_2005"/>

===Within IBM===
Comparing and contrasting with Apple's efforts, [[IBM]] had long since attempted a different strategy to provide the same essential goal of innovating a new software platform upon commodity hardware, while nondestructively preserving existing legacy installations of MS-DOS heritage. However, its strategy was based upon its [[OS/2]] operating system, which had long since achieved seamless [[backward compatibility]] with DOS applications.  In 1992, roughly coinciding with the timeframe of the Star Trek project, IBM devised a new and fundamentally integral subsystem for backward compatibility with [[Windows 3.0]] and [[Windows 3.1]] applications.  This new subsystem for OS/2, called [[Win-OS/2]], was integrated beginning with OS/2 2.0.  Although conceived through different legacy business requirements and cultures, Win-OS/2 was designed with similar software engineering objectives and virtualization techniques as was Star Trek.  Coincidentally, IBM had also code-named its OS/2 releases with ''Star Trek'' themes, and would eventually make such references integral to OS/2's public brand beginning with [[OS/2 Warp]].

Apple and IBM have attempted several proprietary cross-platform collaborations, including the unreleased port of [[QuickTime]] to OS/2, the significant traction of the [[OpenDoc]] [[software framework]], the [[Aim alliance|AIM alliance]], [[Kaleida Labs]], and [[Taligent]].  Both companies have utilized actual personnel from the Star Trek television and movie franchise for promotional purposes.
{{Further|OS/2#TheWarpYears{{!}}OS/2 § 1994–1996: The "Warp" years}}

===Others===
A corporation formerly known as ARDI developed a product called [[Executor (software)|Executor]], which can run a compatible selection of 68k Macintosh applications, and is hosted upon either the DOS or [[Linux]] operating systems on an [[i386|386]]-compatible CPU.  Executor is a [[cleanroom]] reimplementation of the [[Macintosh Toolbox]] and versions 6 and 7 of the operating system, and an integrated 68k CPU emulator called Syn68k.<ref name="Linzmayer_1999"/>{{rp|page=182}}<ref name="ardi.com"/> Liken from Andataco, for [[Sun Microsystems|Sun]] and [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]] [[workstation]]s, emulates the Macintosh hardware environment including the 68k CPU, upon which the user must install System 6.0.7. Quorum Software Systems made two apps targeting UNIX workstations: Equal provides [[binary compatibility]] by emulating the Mac APIs and 68k CPU, to put each precertified Mac app into its own X window, on Sun and [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]] workstations; Latitude provides a [[source code]] porting layer with a Display Postscript driver.<ref name="Engst_1992"/><ref name="Hayes_1994"/>