Editing Start-stop system (section)

==Manufacturers==
{{Dynamic list}}

=== Alexander Dennis ===
Some [[Alexander Dennis]] [[Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC|Enviro200 MMC]] and [[Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC|Enviro400 MMC]] buses are equipped with stop-start systems that will stop the engine at bus stops.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enviro200 {{!}} Alexander Dennis |url=https://www.alexander-dennis.com/products/single-deck-buses/enviro200/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.alexander-dennis.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enviro400 {{!}} Alexander Dennis |url=https://www.alexander-dennis.com/products/double-deck-buses-2-axle/enviro400/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.alexander-dennis.com}}</ref>

===Bentley===
Stop-start technology was fitted to a Bentley for the first time in 2016 on the [[Bentley Bentayga|Bentayga]] model. Bentley's system stops the engine when the car is stopped or moving slowly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bentleymotors.com/en/models/bentayga/bentayga/model-features/performance.html#a2a744f326f4cfd0f846a47a8f8272e3|title=Bentley Motors Website: Models: Bentayga: Bentayga|website=www.bentleymotors.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref>

===BMW===
[[BMW]] is including the technology across many of its cars and the [[MINI (BMW)|MINI]] line for 2008 as part of its Efficient Dynamics brand. BMW has been interested in ways to reduce [[Internal combustion engine#Parasitic_loss|parasitic losses]] on engines, so the company took the technology a step further. Instead of using an Integrated Starter Generator (ISG), BMW has used an enhanced starter which is a conventional starter, developed by [[Robert Bosch GmbH]], that can withstand the increased number of engine-starts in a stop-start vehicle.

BMW has developed the system such that the alternator is not activated most of the time. This means that electrical components in the vehicle are normally running on [[battery (electricity)|battery]] power. When the battery needs to be charged or when decelerating or braking, the alternator is activated to recharge the battery ([[regenerative braking]]). Since this battery experiences very different load characteristics than a normal car battery, BMW used an [[absorptive glass mat]] (AGM) type instead.

Due to the use of [[regenerative braking]], some have started calling this type of system a '''micro hybrid''', a step below a [[mild hybrid]] system where the ISG can be used to assist the engine or even drive the vehicle.

===Citroën===

[[Citroën]] introduced a more refined system in its [[Citroën C2|C2]] and [[Citroën C3|C3]] models by 2006, named "Stop and Start". The Citroën implementation combines a SensoDrive automated gearbox and an electronically controlled reversible alternator<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citroen.co.uk/technology/innovation/stop-and-start/|title=Citroen Technology – Stop and Start|access-date=2009-09-08|publisher=Citroen |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090502102650/http://www.citroen.co.uk/technology/innovation/stop-and-start/|archive-date=2009-05-02}}</ref> or '''integrated starter-generator''' (ISG). An ISG, also known as "integrated starter-alternator", combines the role of the [[automobile self starter|starter]] and [[alternator (auto)|alternator]] into one unit; manufacturers include [[Valeo]]<ref>{{cite press release |title=Valeo and Ricardo launches customer preview program for mild hybrid vehicle with world-class fuel economy |url=http://www.valeo.com/fileadmin/dotcom/uploads/archives/en/i-mogen_ext_uk.pdf |publisher=[[Valeo]] |date=2002-06-26 |access-date=2010-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717184501/http://www.valeo.com/fileadmin/dotcom/uploads/archives/en/i-mogen_ext_uk.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-17 }}</ref> and [[Denso]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=DENSO Develops World's First Belt-Driven Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) for Hybrid Vehicles |url=http://www.densocorp-na.com/news/pr.php?Action=112 |publisher=[[Denso]] |date=2001-07-19 |access-date=2010-06-18}}</ref>

===Daihatsu===
Daihatsu's "Eco Idle" idling stop mechanism was first installed on some grades of the [[Daihatsu Move]] and [[Daihatsu Move Conte|Move Conte]], and gradually became standard for all Daihatsu's [[Kei car|kei class vehicles]]. The system installed in the [[Daihatsu Mira e:S|Mira e:S]] was the world's first for CVT vehicles with [[Petrol engine|petrol]] engines. By applying the brakes and automatically stopping the engine when the speed is {{convert|7|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} or less, the fuel consumption is improved by increasing the idling stop time. In addition, by reducing the number of dedicated parts, it achieved additional weight reduction and "compactification".<ref name=daihatsu20110920>{{Cite web |url=http://www.daihatsu.co.jp/wn/2011/0920-1/index.htm |title=ニュースリリース【ダイハツ 広報発表】 |access-date=2019-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029011519/http://www.daihatsu.co.jp/wn/2011/0920-1/index.htm |archive-date=2011-10-29 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Fiat Chrysler Automobiles===

[[Fiat Chrysler Automobiles|FCA]] introduced the Robert Bosch GmbH made system in the end of 2008 in the [[Fiat 500 (2007)#500 Start.26Stop|Fiat 500]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.italiaspeed.com/2009/cars/fiat/02/500_stop_start/0702.html|title=07.02.2009 New 500 Start&Stop gets started in the UK|access-date=2009-02-07|work=ItaliaSpeed.com}}</ref> Starting in September 2009, [[Alfa Romeo]] also introduced this system in its [[Alfa Romeo Mito]] series utilising [[Fiat Powertrain Technologies]] (FPT) 1.4&nbsp;L Turbo petrol [[MultiAir]] engines.<ref name="autoevolution.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.autoevolution.com/news/alfa-mito-to-get-multiair-engines-start-stop-system-7713.html|title=Alfa MiTo to Get MultiAir Engines, Start-Stop System|access-date=2010-11-25|work=autoevolution.com|date=15 June 2009}}</ref>

===Ford===

Late in 2010, Ford announced that its start-stop system, already used in its hybrids as well as several mainstream models in Europe, would be introduced in North America with the 2012 models, initially with 4-cylinder engines and later proliferating into V6s and V8s. Eventually, the system became available in all Ford vehicles.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--start post navigation--> Previous post Next post |url=https://www.wired.com/autopia/2010/12/ford-offers-auto-start-stop-across-model-range/ |title=Ford Offers Auto Start-Stop Across Model Range &#124; Autopia |publisher=Wired.com |date= 2010-12-29|access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref>

In 2013, it announced that start-stop technology would be brought into the second generation [[Ford Fusion (Americas)|Ford Fusion]] models, and it built start-stop systems into the [[Ford F150]] 2015 model for the first time as a standard feature rather than an option.<ref name=Content2015>{{cite news|last1=Content|first1=Thomas|title=Johnson Controls start-stop battery to boost Ford F-150 pickup's MPG|url=http://www.jsonline.com/blogs/business/288160941.html|access-date=14 January 2015|work=Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal-Sentinel|date=January 12, 2015}}</ref> Formerly, only the 2.7-liter turbocharged V-6 version came with stop-start, which requires a more robust (and expensive) absorbent-glass-mat (AGM) battery that can better handle the constant cycling and the heavier draw from vehicle accessories with the engine off.<ref>[http://blog.caranddriver.com/ford-to-make-auto-stop-start-standard-on-all-ecoboost-f-150-pickups-for-2017/ "Ford to Make Auto Stop-Start Standard on All EcoBoost F-150 Pickups for 2017"], ''Car&Driver Blog'', January 22, 2016</ref>

===General Motors===

In 2008, General Motors released its [[Chevrolet Tahoe]] hybrid model with [[AHS2]] two-mode technology, which combines start-stop technology with [[regenerative braking]] and [[electric vehicle]] mode in certain conditions under 29 mph.

In 2012, General Motors released its [[Chevrolet Malibu]] Eco model with [[eAssist]] technology, which combines start-stop technology with [[regenerative braking]] and electric boost in certain conditions.<ref name="GM Pressroom">{{cite web|url=http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Jan/0119_malibutransport.html|title=37-mpg Malibu Eco heads for U.S. dealers driven by exclusive eAssist™ technology|publisher=General Motors |date= 2012-01-19|access-date=2014-09-24}}</ref>

In 2014, General Motors announced that the [[Chevrolet Impala]] and Malibu would have a (non-eAssist) start-stop system across all models.

===Honda===

[[Honda]] has been using the start-stop function for over a decade via its [[Integrated Motor Assist|IMA]] mild hybrid system in first-generation [[Honda Insight|Insight]] models in the Japanese domestic market since 1999{{cn|reason=Citation here had no content|date=September 2021}} and more recently on the [[Civic Hybrid]].

===Hyundai===

While both the Kia Rio and Rio5 share the same new direct-injected four-cylinder 1.6&nbsp;L engine with its cousin Hyundai Accent/Verna (also newly redesigned for 2012), Hyundai made no mention of this feature in their Accent line.<ref>[[Hyundai Accent]]</ref> Hyundai 1.4 manual has the ISG (Intelligent Stop & Go) system (in Israel).

===Jaguar===

Jaguar's ''Intelligent Eco Stop/Start'' was first fitted to the [[Jaguar XF|XF]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parkers.co.uk/cars/advice/news/archive/First-drive-Jaguar-XF-22-diesel/ |title=First drive: Jaguar XF 2.2 diesel |website=Parkers |language=en |access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> and [[Jaguar XJ (X351)|XJ]] models in 2011 before expanding to the rest of the range.

===Kia===

The redesigned 2012 Kia Rio and Rio5 (hatchback) debuted at the 2011 New York Auto Show was announced with their Intelligent Stop and Go (ISG) feature, or stop-start technology.<ref>{{cite web|last=Richardson |first=Aaron |url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/04/21/2012-kia-rio-new-york-2011/ |title=New York 2011: Kia debuts all-new 2012 Rio with start-stop, good for 40 MPG |work=Autoblog |date=2011-04-21 |access-date=2011-05-29}}</ref>

Kia claims the combination of direct fuel injection and stop-start will offer 30&nbsp;mpg for city driving and 40&nbsp;mpg on the highway in both 6 speed manual and automatic transmissions.

===Land Rover===

In 2008, Land Rover fitted its [[Land Rover Freelander#Freelander 2 .28L359.3B 2006.E2.80.932014.29|Freelander]] with Stop/Start which could reduce fuel consumption and emissions by up to 10%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/land-rover/freelander/first-drives/land-rover-freelander-stop-start|title=Land Rover Freelander Stop-Start review |website=Autocar |language=en|access-date=2018-02-25}}</ref> As of 2016 all Land Rover and Range Rover models are fitted with ''Intelligent Eco Stop/Start''.

===Mahindra & Mahindra===

[[Mahindra & Mahindra Limited|Mahindra]]s were the first in India to launch stop-start based Micro Hybrid system in May 2000. This involved home-grown technology and first of its kind component development like [[Hall sensor]] based neutral and clutch pedal sensors, and later a joint venture with [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] for [[common rail]] based vehicles.

===Mazda===

The i-Stop system, [[Mazda]]'s first start stop system, detects which piston is in the best position to restart quickest, which is the one in the combustion stroke phase, where air and fuel are in the cylinder, ready to be ignited. The mixture in this cylinder is ignited by the spark plug, forcing that piston down, and with assistance from the starter motor, results in a near instantaneous engine restart time of 0.35 seconds.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/mazda/3/road-test/i-stop |title=Mazda 3 i-Stop |work=Top Gear |access-date=2011-12-11 |archive-date=2012-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501213723/http://www.topgear.com/uk/mazda/3/road-test/i-stop |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 2011, Mazda announced i-ELOOP, a system which uses a variable-voltage [[alternator]] to convert kinetic energy to electric power during deceleration. The energy stored in a [[Electric double-layer capacitor|double-layer capacitor]], is used to supply power needed by vehicle electrical systems. When used in conjunction with Mazda's start-stop system, i-Stop, the company claims fuel savings of up to 10%.<ref>Kurt Ernst (29 November 2011). [http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1069983_mazdas-regenerative-braking-system-switches-batteries-for-capacitors "Mazda's regenerative braking system switches batteries for capacitors"]. ''Motor Authority''.</ref>

===Nissan===
Nissan uses the ''S-Hybrid'' (stylized in all caps as "S-HYBRID") brand for their micro hybrid system. The S-Hybrid system is entirely contained within the engine compartment and does not require a traction battery. Vehicles with the S-Hybrid system are equipped with an ''Energy Control'' (ECO) motor, which serves as the gasoline engine's alternator and starter motor. These vehicles are also equipped with an additional "sub-battery" located in the engine compartment to power the vehicle's electric accessories when the gasoline engine has shut down, instead of using a constantly-driven alternator. When the driver lifts off the throttle or brakes, the ECO motor is driven as an alternator to maintain "sub-battery" charge. In addition to being used to restart the engine, the ECO motor also applies {{convert|50|Nm|kgm lbft|abbr=on}} of torque for one second to the crankshaft when driving away from a stop, providing a small amount of electric motor assist.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.carlist.my/news/how-is-the-nissan-serena-s-hybrid-different-from-other-hybrid-models/60071/ |title=How Is The Nissan Serena S-Hybrid Different From Other Hybrid Models? |date=July 3, 2013 |work=CarList |access-date=13 April 2021}}</ref>

===Opel/Vauxhall===

In 2010, Opel introduced Start/stop in their ''EcoFLEX'' branded models. The system is used with [[GM Family 0 engine#EcoFlex|Family 0]], [[GM Ecotec engine#LDK|Ecotec]] and [[GM Medium Gasoline Engine|MGE]] [[Petrol engine|petrol]] and [[JTD engine#1.3|MultiJet]], [[Circle L engine|Circle L]], and [[GM Family B engine|Family B]] [[diesel engine]]s.
===Perodua===

Perodua first introduced the start/stop system in 2016 which is called "Eco idle" in the [[Perodua Bezza|Bezza]]. Initially, it was only limited to the range-topping Advance variant. Subsequently, newer models such as the [[Perodua Myvi|Myvi]], [[Perodua Aruz|Aruz]], [[Perodua Ativa|Ativa]], and [[Perodua Alza|Alza]] started to feature this system as standard, even on base models.

===Renault===

[[Renault]] introduced the technology in all of its European models in 2010.

===Roewe===

In 2009, [[Roewe]]'s [[Rover 75]] based 750 was fitted with stop-start as standard with the hybrid 1.8 [[Rover K-series engine]].{{cn|reason=Forum thread source removed. Forums are not reliable sources|date=September 2021}}

===SAAB===
A start-stop function was fitted to the second-generation [[Saab 9-5#Second generation .28YS3G.2C 2010.E2.80.932012.29|9-5]] in 2009. The button to control the system was placed next to the gearshift like SAAB ignition keys of old.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.desktopmachine.com/press/886/Saab_9-5/|title=All New Saab 9-5 Saloon|work=CarWalls.com<!-- yes, this does not match the URL domain -->|access-date=2021-09-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228005936/http://www.desktopmachine.com/press/886/Saab_9-5/|archive-date=28 December 2018}}</ref>

===Subaru===
Many Subaru vehicles have been equipped with an automatic stop-start system. It was first launched in 2011 for the [[Subaru Impreza|Impreza]] and [[Subaru Crosstrek|Crosstrek]].

===Suzuki===

Suzuki's start-stop system is called EASS (Engine Auto Start Stop).<ref>https://autocatalogarchive.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Suzuki-Celerio-2018-FR.pdf page 9</ref>

Some car makers such as Suzuki have one additional small 12V lithium-ion battery inside the car.<ref name="lepoint.fr">{{Cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/automobile/essais/suzuki-swift-championne-categorie-poids-plume-21-04-2017-2121333_651.php|title=Suzuki Swift : championne catégorie poids plumes|last=Maroselli|first=Yves|date=2017-04-21|work=Le Point|access-date=2018-02-25|language=fr-FR}}</ref> The system is marketed as "SHVS Mild Hybrid System" (Smart Hybrid Vehicle by Suzuki) and available as an option in Ignis, Swift, Baleno in several markets.

===Tata===

Tata Motors introduced this system on its LCV [[Tata Ace]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wheelsunplugged.com/ViewNews.aspx?newsid=3320|title=Tata Motors rolls out micro-hybrid version of Ace LCV|access-date=2009-05-13|work=WheelsUnplugged|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907014744/http://www.wheelsunplugged.com/ViewNews.aspx?newsid=3320|archive-date=2009-09-07}}</ref>

===Toyota===
[[Toyota]] showed a prototype of its six-cylinder [[Toyota Crown]] equipped with an automatic on/off switch<ref name="books.google.ca"/><ref name=krx/> in 1974, claiming a 10-percent gas saving in traffic.

More recently, [[Toyota]] has been selling cars with start-stop system on their internal combustion engine vehicles since 2009, and since 1997 in their Prius hybrid line.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marklines.com/en/amreport/rep128_200212.jsp|title=The Widespread Introduction of the TOYOTA Mild Hybrid Carsn(HEV) May Promote|access-date=2009-02-18|work=MarkLines.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091023072924/http://www.marklines.com/en/amreport/rep128_200212.jsp|archive-date=2009-10-23}}</ref> Both [[Toyota]] and [[Mazda]] introduced stop-start technology, available also outside of Japan, in some of their 2009 model year vehicles.

===Volkswagen===

Volkswagen began using start-stop systems with the Polo Formel E with SSA around 1983, after having previewed the system on the 1981 [[Volkswagen Auto 2000|Auto 2000]] research car.<ref name=Glon>{{cite web | url = https://ranwhenparked.net/2014/08/20/a-look-at-the-1981-volkswagen-auto-2000-concept/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180618125629/https://ranwhenparked.net/2014/08/20/a-look-at-the-1981-volkswagen-auto-2000-concept/ | archive-date = 2018-06-18 | title = A look at the 1981 Volkswagen Auto 2000 concept [update] | first = Ronan | last = Glon | work = Ran When Parked | date = 2014-08-20 }}</ref> Later the LUPO 3L, and after that in the Polo, Golf and Passat [[BlueMotion]], which also include weight and aerodynamic improvements. The system is now commonplace in the Volkswagen range, fitted to all vehicles with the Bluemotion Technology package, though certain other models have the technology too. For the Lupo 3L, with an automated manual gearbox and clutch, the engine stops four seconds after the car becomes stationary with the driver's foot on the brake pedal. No other action is necessary. Removing the foot from the brake pedal initiates engine start and the car can be driven away. The gear lever remains in the drive D position throughout. The same applies to the Audi A2 1.2TDi, which is almost identical mechanically.

===Volvo===

[[Volvo]] introduced its start-stop technology in 2009 under their DRIVe branding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autoblog.com/2011/02/23/volvo-launches-stop-start-s60-v60-drive-models-in-europe |title=Volvo launches stop/start S60, V60 DRIVe models in Europe |work=Autoblog}}</ref>

===Mitsubishi===
Mitsubishi Motors introduced this system in 1999 under its AS&G (Auto Stop & Go) branding, on their kei-car [[Mitsubishi Pistachio]].<ref name="mpg">[http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/products/detail545.html "GDI-ASG Pistachio"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328233939/http://media.mitsubishi-motors.com/pressrelease/e/products/detail545.html |date=2009-03-28 }}, Mitsubishi Motors press release, September 28, 1999</ref> Mitsubishi has been marketing AS&G Technology in its ClearTec branded models in the European market since 2008. AS&G system is also available on [[Mitsubishi Colt]] (EU), which went on sale in Europe in 2008. Since 2010, this system has also been used in the [[Mitsubishi ASX]] (EU). In 2015, AS&G was added to the [[Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross]].