Editing Strand, London (section)

===Modern era===
[[File:The Strand, Looking Eastwards from Exeter Change, c1824.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Strand, looking eastwards from Exeter Exchange (1822) – the distant church is [[St Mary le Strand]], with [[St Clement Danes]] behind]]
During the 17th century, many of the grand mansions on the Strand were demolished as the aristocracy moved to the [[West End of London|West End]].{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=883}} The Duck and Drake tavern on Strand was famed as a venue for the conspirators involved in the [[Gunpowder Plot]].{{sfn|Moore|2003|p=197}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gunpowder-plot.org/fawkes.asp|title=The Gunpowder Plot Society|author=David Herber|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318043708/http://www.gunpowder-plot.org/fawkes.asp|archive-date=18 March 2010}}</ref> In the time of the Civil War, the Nag's Head tavern was the venue of a meeting between [[Henry Ireton]] and some of the [[Levellers]] which resulted in the production of ''Remonstrance of the Army'', demanding the abolition of the monarchy and the trial of [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Hibbert |first=Christopher |title=Cavaliers and Roundheads: The English at War 1642–1649 |publisher=HarperCollins |year=1993 |page=280}}</ref>

In the 18th century, [[Coffee house|coffee]] and [[Steakhouse|chop houses]] were established on the street; [[Twinings]] was established at No.&nbsp;206 in 1706 by Thomas Twining, supplier of tea to Queen Anne. The company claims to be the oldest ratepayer in Westminster. The Grecian Coffee House ran from around 1702 to 1803, while Tom's ran from 1706 to around 1775. Though these premises were well-known, the alleyways around the Strand were regular haunts for pickpockets and prostitutes during this time.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=883}} The Rose Tavern, at the eastern end of the street, was frequented by lawyers during the 18th century. It was later demolished and became Thanet Place. The [[Crown and Anchor, Strand|Crown and Anchor]] in Arundel Street was the main meeting place for the Catholic Association, and helped established the [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829]]. It was later used for Catholic politicians such as [[Daniel O'Connell]] to address constituents. The original premises burned down in 1854, but was rebuilt.<ref name=onl/> [[Simpson's-in-the-Strand]] originally started at No.&nbsp;100 in 1828 as a smoking and dining club.<ref>{{cite book |title=London's Best-kept Secrets |first=Mike |last=Michaelson |publisher=Passport Books |page=15 |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-8442-9638-8}}</ref> It later became a restaurant.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=882}} The Strand was also notable in the 18th century as a centre for the British book trade, with numerous printers and publishers along the street. The prominent bookseller [[Andrew Millar]] is an example of one of the most successful publishers who owned a shop there.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk/manuscripts/html_output/1.html|title=The manuscripts, Letter from Andrew Millar to Andrew Mitchell, 26 August, 1766. Andrew Millar Project. University of Edinburgh.|website=www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk|access-date=3 June 2016}}</ref>

In the 19th century, much of the Strand was rebuilt, and the houses to the south no longer backed onto the Thames and no longer had direct boat access, separated from the river by the [[Victoria Embankment]] constructed in 1865–1870 and reclaiming {{convert|37|acre|ha}} of land.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=974}} [[King's College London|King's College, London]] was founded in 1828. The historic [[King's Building, London|King's Building]], based next to the church of [[St Mary-le-Strand]], was designed by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]] and constructed in 1829–1831 to complete the riverside frontage of [[Somerset House]]. [[King's College Hospital]] opened as a branch of the college in 1840, and became a constituent part of the [[University of London]] in 1908. The current campus building was constructed between 1966 and 1972 by E.D. Jefferiss Mathews.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=462}} In 2015, the college acquired Strand House, Bush House and other buildings in the Aldwych Quarter.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/ed-byrne-new-address-is-a-defining-moment-for-kings-college-london/2019109.article|first=Jack|last=Grove|year=2015|title=Ed Byrne: 'new address is a defining moment for King's College London|work=Times Higher Education|access-date=10 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/kings-college-london-to-use-former-bbc-world-service-hq/2019036.article|first=Jack|last=Grove|year=2015|title=King's College London to use former BBC World Service HQ|work=Times Higher Education|access-date=10 September 2015}}</ref> The [[Royal Courts of Justice]], at the eastern end of the Strand, was designed in the mid-1860s by G.E. Street as a replacement for the older courts at [[Westminster Hall]], though construction was so delayed that he died shortly before [[Queen Victoria]] opened the courts in 1882. The West Green extension to the courts opened in 1911, while the Queen's Building opened in 1968.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|pp=716–7}}

[[File:Twinings Strand Heritage Shop, London, UK - 20111128.jpg|thumb|right|[[Twinings]]' Tea Shop has been based on the Strand since 1706]]
The architect [[John Nash (architect)|John Nash]] redeveloped the western end of the Strand in the 1830s, including the construction of [[Charing Cross Hospital]],{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=974}} later (1990s) converted for use as Charing Cross [[police station]].<ref name="Lost">{{cite web |title=Charing Cross Hospital |url=https://ezitis.myzen.co.uk/charingcross.html |website=Lost Hospitals of London |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref>

The street became well known for theatres, and at one point contained more than any other; including the Tivoli Music Hall at No.&nbsp;65, the [[Adelphi Theatre|Adelphi]], [[Gaiety Theatre, London|Gaiety]], [[Savoy Theatre|Savoy]], [[Terry's Theatre|Terry's]] and [[Vaudeville Theatre|Vaudeville]]. In the 21st century, only the Adelphi, Vaudeville and Savoy remain.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|pp=316,883,991}} The Piccadilly branch line from Holborn to Aldwych was built partly to serve theatre traffic.{{sfn|Moore|2003|p=198}} 

The [[Coal Hole, Strand|Coal Hole]] tavern was founded at No.&nbsp;91 in the early 19th century, and frequented by coal-heavers working on the Thames.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=198}} The impresario [[Renton Nicholson]] held song-and-supper evenings at the inn, featuring [[tableaux vivants]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=Cyril|last=Pearl|year=1955|title=The Girl with the Swansdown Seat|location=London|publisher=Frederick Muller|pages=180–7}}</ref> The actor [[Edmund Kean]] established the Wolf Club at the venue, which is now commemorated by the Wolf Room.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=198}}

[[Charing Cross railway station]] was built on the Strand in 1864, providing a boat train service to Europe, which stimulated the growth of hotels in the area to cater for travellers. These included the Charing Cross Hotel, attached to the station itself. Today, there are several luggage outlets and tourist agents on the Strand, as well as old postage stamp dealers.{{sfn|Moore|2003|p=200}} The [[philately|philatelist]] [[Stanley Gibbons]] opened a shop at No.&nbsp;435 in 1891. It moved to No.&nbsp;391 in 1893, and is currently based at No.&nbsp;399.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8407333/Stanley-Gibbons-a-timeline.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8407333/Stanley-Gibbons-a-timeline.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Stanley Gibbons: A Timeline |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=26 March 2011 |access-date=28 December 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

The [[Strand Palace Hotel]] was designed by F. J. Wills and constructed in 1925–1930. The entrance was rebuilt in 1968, with the original being moved to the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]].{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=884}} The Strand underwent extensive redevelopment in the mid-20th century. The length of road from St Mary's eastwards up to St Clement's was widened in 1900, subsuming the former Holywell Street which forked from the Strand and ran parallel with it to the north, leaving the two churches of St Mary Le Strand and St Clement Danes as islands in the centre of the road.<ref>{{cite book |first=Harold |last=Clunn |year=1970 |title=The Face of London |pages=125–126}}</ref> The Gaiety Theatre was demolished, to be replaced by Citibank House, while [[Villiers House]] and [[New South Wales House]] were both built in 1957–1959. New South Wales House was subsequently demolished in 1996 and replaced by an office block.{{sfn|Weinreb et al.|2008|p=883}} In 1998, a statue of [[Oscar Wilde]] was built at the junction of Adelaide Street and Duncannon Street, adjoining the western end of the Strand.<ref>{{cite web |title=Oscar Wilde Archives |url=https://www.strandpalacehotel.co.uk/tag/oscar-wilde/ |url-status=dead |publisher=Strand Palace Hotel |access-date=31 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918235629/http://www.strandpalacehotel.co.uk/tag/oscar-wilde/ |archive-date=18 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=London's Wilde Tribute |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/224663.stm |publisher=BBC News |date=30 November 1998 |access-date=31 December 2015}}</ref>

Between January 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=FAQ Strand Aldwych |url=https://strandaldwych.org/faqs/ |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> and December 2022,<ref>{{cite web |title=Transformed Strand Aldwych redevelopment officially opened |url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/transformed-strand-aldwych-redevelopment-opened |access-date=1 May 2023}}</ref> [[Westminster City Council]]'s Strand Aldwych Scheme works took place, pedestrianising Strand between Melbourne Place and Lancaster Place whilst [[Aldwych]] was converted into a two-way street.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tour of Strand Aldwych: A work in progress |url=https://programme.openhouse.org.uk/listings/11281 |website=programme.openhouse.org.uk}}</ref>