Editing Supervised injection site (section)

=== Europe ===
During the 1990s legal facilities emerged in cities in [[Switzerland]], [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]].<ref name="emcdda" /><ref name=dolan>{{cite journal |url= http://www.drugpolicy.org/docUploads/harm_reduction_digest_injecting_centres.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040924224813/http://www.drugpolicy.org/docUploads/harm_reduction_digest_injecting_centres.pdf |url-status= dead |archive-date= 2004-09-24 |last1= Dolan |first1= Kate |last2= Kimber |first2= Jo |last3= Fry |first3= Craig |last4= Fitzgerald |first4= John |last5= Mcdonald |first5= David |last6= Trautman |first6= Franz |year= 2000 |title= Drug consumption facilities in Europe and the establishment of supervised injection centres in Australia |journal= Drug and Alcohol Review |volume= 19 |issue= 3 |pages= 337–346 |doi= 10.1080/713659379 }}</ref> In the first decade of 2000, facilities opened in Spain, Luxembourg, and Norway.<ref name="emcdda" />
[[File:NaloxoneKit.jpg|thumb|Naloxone, a drug on hand at clinics used to administer in cases of [[opioid overdose]]]]

Whereas injection facilities in Europe often evolved from something else, such as different social and medical outreaches or perhaps a homeless shelter, the degree and quality of actual supervision varies. The history of the European centers also mean that there have been no or little systematic collection of data needed to do a proper evaluation of effectiveness of the scheme. At the beginning of 2009 there were 92 facilities operating in 61 cities, including 30 cities in the Netherlands, 16 cities in Germany and 8 cities in Switzerland. Denmark passed a law allowing municipalities to run "fix rooms" in 2012, and by the end of 2013 there were three open.

To date in July 2022, according to [[European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction]] Belgium has one facility, Denmark five, France two, Germany 25, Greece one, Luxembourg two, Netherlands 25, Norway two, Portugal two, Spain 13, and Switzerland 14.<ref>{{cite web |last1=EMCDDA |title=Infographic. Location and number of drug consumption facilities throughout Europe {{!}} www.emcdda.europa.eu |url=https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/media-library/infographic-location-and-number-drug-consumption-room-facilities-throughout-europe_en |website=www.emcdda.europa.eu |access-date=July 26, 2022}}</ref>

====Ireland====
Ireland has legislation to permit the opening of a service (as of May 2017) in the Misuse of Drugs (Supervised Injecting Facilities) Bill 2017; however, it has been halted by planning concerns.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCann |first1=Eugene |last2=Duffin |first2=Tony |title=Opinion: Supervised drug injecting in Ireland – 10 years of advocacy, legislation and delays |url=https://www.thejournal.ie/readme/drug-injecting-and-policy-5658873-Jan2022/ |access-date=July 26, 2022 |work=TheJournal.ie |date=January 20, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

====Netherlands====
The first professionally staffed service where drug injection was accepted emerged in the Netherlands during the early 1970s as part of the "alternative youth service" provided by the St. Paul's church in Rotterdam. At its peak it had two centers that combined an informal meeting place with a drop-in center providing basic health care, food and a laundering service. One of the centers was also a pioneer in providing [[Needle-exchange programme|needle-exchange]]. Its purpose was to improve the psychosocial function and health of its clients. The centers received some support from law enforcement and local government officials, although they were not officially sanctioned until 1996.<ref name="dolan" />
====Switzerland====
The first modern supervised consumption site was opened in [[Bern]], [[Switzerland]] in June, 1986.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hedrich|first=Dagmar|date=February 2004|title=European report on drug consumption rooms|url=http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_2944_EN_consumption_rooms_report.pdf|access-date=October 5, 2020|publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction|archive-date=March 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326022000/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_2944_EN_consumption_rooms_report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>  Part of a project combatting HIV, the general concept of the café was a place where simple meals and beverages would be served, and information on safe sex, safe drug use, condoms and clean needles provided. Social workers providing counselling and referrals were also present. An injection room was not originally conceived, however, drug users began to use the facility for this purpose, and this soon became the most attractive aspect of the café. After discussions with the police and legislature, the café was turned into the first legally sanctioned drug consumption facility provided that no one under the age of 18 was admitted.<ref>{{cite book|first=Robert |last=Haemmig|title=Injecting Illicit Drugs|author2=Ingrid van Beek|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4051-1360-1|editor1=Richard Pates|pages=160–169|chapter=13 Supervised Injecting Room|editor2=Andrew McBride|editor3=Karin Arnold}}</ref>

====United Kingdom====
The United Kingdom opened one (officially unsanctioned) facility in Glasgow in September 2020. It was opened by Peter Krykant, a local drugs worker;<ref>{{cite web |last1=Livingston |first1=Eve |title='It's a lifesaver': Glasgow drug users and MP hail safe-injecting space |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/sep/19/glasgow-drug-users-and-mp-hail-lifesaving-van-that-defies-uk-law |website=the Guardian |access-date=July 26, 2022 |language=en |date=19 September 2020}}</ref> however, lack of funding and support led to its closure in May 2021.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shorter |first1=Gillian W |last2=Harris |first2=Magdalena |last3=McAuley |first3=Andrew |last4=Trayner |first4=Kirsten MA |last5=Stevens |first5=Alex |title=The United Kingdom's first unsanctioned overdose prevention site; A proof-of-concept evaluation |journal=International Journal of Drug Policy |date=June 2022 |volume=104 |pages=103670 |doi=10.1016/j.drugpo.2022.103670|pmid=35523063 |s2cid=248553098 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Davies |first1=Natalie |title=Inside the UK's first unsanctioned drug consumption room |url=https://www.addiction-ssa.org/inside-the-uks-first-unsanctioned-drug-consumption-room/ |website=SSA |access-date=July 26, 2022 |date=26 July 2022}}</ref> In nine months of operation, 894 injection events were recorded at the facility and volunteers reported attending to nine overdose events, seven opioid overdoses, and two involving powder cocaine; but there were no fatalities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2022|title=The United Kingdom's first unsanctioned overdose prevention site; A proof-of-concept evaluation |url= https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/news/2023/new-report-presents-latest-overview-drug-consumption-rooms-europe_en |work= International Journal of Drug Policy, Volume 104.|access-date=23 December 2023}}</ref>

In 2023, the [[Lord Advocate]]—Scotland's chief legal officer—announced that the [[Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service]] would institute a policy of not criminally prosecuting those using approved supervised drug consumption sites. Police Scotland have also confirmed they will exercise discretion in not prosecuting those using such a facility.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-11 |title=No prosecution plan for drug consumption rooms |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-66775122 |access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> An official facility is planned to open in Glasgow in October, 2024. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-21 |title=UK's first drugs consumption room to open in October |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvg4n8g331do |access-date=2024-08-21}}</ref>