Editing TATA box (section)

== Features ==

=== Location ===
Promoter sequences vary between [[bacteria]] and [[eukaryote]]s.&nbsp;In eukaryotes, the TATA box is located 25 [[base pair]]s [[Upstream and downstream (DNA)|upstream]] of the start site that [[RPA4|Rpb4]]/Rbp7 use to initiate [[Transcription (biology)|transcription]]. In [[metazoans]], the TATA box is located 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site.<ref name=":16" /> While in yeast, ''[[Saccharomyces cerevisiae|S. cerevisiae]]'', the TATA box has a variable position which can range from 40 to 100 bp upstream of the start site. The TATA box is also found in 40% of the [[Promoter (genetics)|core promoters]] of genes that code for the [[Actin|actin cytoskeleton]] and [[Contractile ring|contractile]] apparatus in cells.<ref name=":16" />

The type of core promoter affects the level of transcription and expression of a [[gene]]. [[TATA-binding protein|TATA-binding protein (TBP)]] can be recruited in two ways, by SAGA, a cofactor for [[RNA polymerase II]], or by [[TFIID]].<ref name=":17">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baptista T, Grünberg S, Minoungou N, Koster MJ, Timmers HT, Hahn S, Devys D, Tora L | title = SAGA Is a General Cofactor for RNA Polymerase II Transcription | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 68 | issue = 1 | pages = 130–143.e5 | date = October 2017 | pmid = 28918903 | pmc = 5632562 | doi = 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.016 }}</ref> When [[Promoter (genetics)|promoters]] use the SAGA/TATA box complex to recruit RNA polymerase II, they are more highly regulated and display higher expression levels than promoters using the TFIID/TBP mode of recruitment.<ref name=":17" />

=== Analogous sequences ===
In bacteria, promoter regions may contain a [[Pribnow box]], which serves an analogous purpose to the eukaryotic TATA box. The Pribnow box has a 6 bp region centered around the -10 position and an 8-12 bp sequence around the -35 region that are both conserved.<ref name=":12" />

A [[CAAT box]] (also CAT box) is a region of nucleotides with the following consensus sequence: 5’ GGCCAATCT 3’. The CAAT box is located about 75-80 bases upstream of the transcription initiation site and about 150 bases upstream of the TATA box. It binds [[transcription factor]]s (CAAT TF or CTFs) and thereby stabilizes the nearby [[Transcription preinitiation complex|preinitiation complex]] for easier binding of [[RNA polymerase]]s.&nbsp;CAAT boxes are rarely found in genes that express proteins ubiquitous in all cell types.<ref name=":12" />