Editing Tabula Capuana (section)

===Second section (starting on line 8): APRIL = ''apirase''===
The second section seems to be devoted to rituals to be held in April.

:: iśveitule ilucve apirase 
:::: leθamsul ilucu cuiesχu perpri
::: cipen apires /<sup>9</sup> racvanies huθ zusle
:: rithnaitultei 
:::: snuza in te hamaiθi 
::::: civeis caθnis fan/<sup>10</sup>iri
:::: marza in te hamaiθi 
::::: ital sacri
:::: utus ecunzai
::::: iti alχu 
::::::scuvse riθnaitu/<sup>11</sup>ltei 
::: ci zusle acun siricima nunθeri
::: eθ iśuma zuslevai apire nunθer/<sup>12</sup>i 
::::: avθleθ aium
:::: vacil ia leθamsul nunθeri
:::: vacil ia riθnaita
::: eθ aθene/<sup>13</sup>ica perpri
::celutule apirase unialθi turza esχaθce
:::ei iśum unialθ ara
::::/<sup>14</sup>epnicei nunθcu ciiei turzai
::::riθnaita eiti ia halχ
::apertule aφes ilucu vacil zuχn/<sup>15</sup>e...
::elφa riθnaitultrais 
:::vanec calus zusleva atu[unis]ne
:::inpa vinaiθ acas
::aφ/<sup>16</sup>es 
:::ci tartiria ci turza riθnaitula 
::::snenaziulastra 
:::vaiuser hivus niθusc riθnaitula
::::hivustra 
:::vaiuser snenaziulas

Notes: Line 8 shows the form ''isvei'' which occurs frequently in the [[Liber Linteus]] where it appears to mean "festival" or "ides". If the form ''iśum'' in line 13 is related, it may mean "festive" or (more likely) "appropriate for a sacred festival" > "sacred." The form ''tul(e)'' (8, 9, 10) in some contexts means "stone", perhaps related to ''tular'' "border" (< "stone marking a border"?),<ref>Pallottino, Massimo (1955). The Etruscans. Penguin Books. Translated from the Italian by J. Cremona. pp.225-234</ref> itself probably related to (or the origin of?) Umbrian ''tuder'' "boundary"; also the origin of the Umbrian town name Todi.<ref>J. Poultney, The Bronze Tables of Iguvium, 1959</ref> Here it seems to mean "(on or after) the ides (of a particular month)."<ref>van der Meer, L.B. "Some comments on the Tabula Capuana", in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p. 157</ref> According to van der Meer, ''iluc-ve/u'' (twice in line 8) means "feast."<ref>van der Meer, L. B. "Some comment on the Tabula Capuana," in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p.166. https://www.academia.edu/21561609/Some_comment_on_the_Tabula_Capuana_in_Studi_Etruschi_77_2014_2015_149_175</ref> Of course, ''iśvei'' and ''tule'' can't both mean "ides", and in any case, the Latin ''ides'' originally fell on the full moon and was sacred to Jupiter, but since the deities recognizable here are underworld (''leθams'' and ''caθ''), ''tul'' may instead refer to the dark phase of the moon, or the new moon (Latin ''kalends''). As van der Meer points out elaborately elsewhere, the contrast between light and dark gods was very important for the Etruscan calendar and for how they divided up the heavens.<ref>L. B. van der Meer Liber linteus zagrabiensis. The Linen Book of Zagreb. A Comment on the Longest Etruscan Text. Louvain/Dudley, MA 2007 pp. 65 ff</ref>

''apirase'' may mean "(in the) month of April."<ref>van der Meer, L. B. "Some comment on the Tabula Capuana," in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p.166. https://www.academia.edu/21561609/Some_comment_on_the_Tabula_Capuana_in_Studi_Etruschi_77_2014_2015_149_175</ref> See above for ''Leθam-sul''. Van der Meer translates ''pep-ri'' as "must be held."<ref>Van Der Meer, Bouke. "Some comment on the Tabula Capuana," in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p.166. https://www.academia.edu/21561609/Some_comment_on_the_Tabula_Capuana_in_Studi_Etruschi_77_2014_2015_149_175</ref> ''cipen'' seems to be a priestly title (with variants ''cepa(r)'', ''cepe(n)'').<ref>Pallottino, Massimo (1955). The Etruscans. Penguin Books. Translated from the Italian by J. Cremona. pp.226</ref>

''huθ'' in line 9 means "six",  and ''ci'' in line 11 means "three." ''zusle(-vai)'' (9, 11) means "sacrificial victims" perhaps specifically "piglets."<ref>Van Der Meer, Bouke. "Some comment on the Tabula Capuana," in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p.166. https://www.academia.edu/21561609/Some_comment_on_the_Tabula_Capuana_in_Studi_Etruschi_77_2014_2015_149_175</ref><ref>Pallottino, Massimo (1955). The Etruscans. Penguin Books. Translated from the Italian by J. Cremona. pp.225-234</ref> 

At the end of line 9, ''caθ-nis'' may be a form of [[Catha (mythology)|Catha]], an Etruscan goddess, with an ending ''-nis/-nes'' also seen above in other theonymns: ''savc-nes'' (lines 2 and 6) and ''fuli/nuś-nes'' (lines 5-6). Rarely depicted in art, she is number 8 (among celestial gods) and number 23 on the [[Piacenza Liver]].<ref>Thulin, Carl (1906). Die Götter des Martianus Capella und der Bronzeleber von Piacenza (in German). Alfred Töpelmann. Downloadable Google Books.pages 50 and 65.</ref>

''sacri'' (10) is certainly connected to  words meaning "sacred; victim for sacrifice"—Latin ''sacer'', Umbrian ''sacra'' '''sakra''', Oscan '''sakri-''', and to 'saca' in line 7 above.<ref>A Companion to the Etruscans edited by Sinclair Bell, Alexandra A. Carpino, 2014, Wiley. p219</ref><ref>Pallottino, Massimo (1955). The Etruscans. Penguin Books. Translated from the Italian by J. Cremona. pp.225-234</ref>

''nunθe-ri'' (11 twice) seems to be a verb "invoke" or "offer", with the necessitive ending ''-ri'' also seen in ''pep-ri''(8), ''picas-ri''(5), ''mulu-ri''(4/5), and perhaps ''śu-ri''(3) and ''sac-ri''(10).<ref>van der Meer, L.B. "Some comments on the Tabula Capuana", in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p. 156, 166</ref> ''eθ'' (11, 12) means "thus."<ref>van der Meer, L.B. "Some comment on the Tabula Capuana," in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149-175. p.166. https://www.academia.edu/21561609/Some_comment_on_the_Tabula_Capuana_in_Studi_Etruschi_77_2014_2015_149_175</ref> ''avθ-leθ'' (12) may be related to ''avθa'' "northwind; eagle."<ref>Pallottino, Massimo (1955). The Etruscans. Penguin Books. Translated from the Italian by J. Cremona. pp.225-234</ref>

The word ''acun'' in line 11 may be from Greek ''agon'' (ἀγών) originally "struggle", which came to be used as a term for festivals involving competitive sports; compare Latin ''Agonalia'' festivals in honor of Janus in Rome held in January, March, May and December. Later forms show syncope (loss of word-internal vowels): ''acn-es-em'' on the [[Liber Linteus]] (10.5)) and ''acn-s . priumn-es'' "the ''agon'' of Priam" on the left side of the Volterna urn.<ref>van der Meer, L.B. ''Liber linteus zagrabiensis. The Linen Book of Zagreb. A Comment on the Longest Etruscan Text.'' Louvain/Dudley, MA 2007 pp. 133-134</ref>

The tentative partial translation by van der Meer, building on the work of many others, suggests this part of the ritual calendar calls: for a Cuieschu Feast to be performed for the god Letham on the Feast of April [which is] on the Ides; that Racvanies be the Priest of April; that six piglets be offered for the ritual ; that a ''snuza'', which [is] in the [area of?] Hamai, be declared by Cive [and] by Cathni; and that a statuette of [[Mariś]], which is in the [area of?] Hamai, be consecrated for Ita (? or "for this (festival)"?); that ''utu'' be given with ''ecun'' and with ''scuvsa'' by the ''Ita'' priest in the ritual; that three piglets and an ''acun siricima'' be offered, and further that ''iśuma'' (sanctified items?) be offered with the April piglets in the''avθla'', but (in this case) for Aiu; that a libation be offered to Letham here (="at this point"?); that a libation be made here (as part of?) the ritual; furthermore that the (sacrifice to?) ''aθena'' be held; concerning the love gifts placed in Uni's sanctuary on Earth Day (''celitule'') in April, take away (any that are not) ''iśum'' (sanctified?) in Uni's sanctuary; that three gifts be offered in ''epn-'' (and?) a vase (''halχ'') here in the ''eit'' (of the?) ritual; that a libation (be performed) on the Aperta day for the Festival of Aphe in ''zuchn-''; that an offering be made of ''elfa'' by the people involved in the ritual, and of young Adonis (?) boars for [[Calu]] with ''vana''  in the vineyard; that the people of the cult of the servant girl, and the ''vaiuser'' priest (?) of Hivu and of Nithu, and the people of Hivu, and the ''vaiuser'' of the cult of the servant girl (make an offering of) three ''tartiria'' (and) three love gifts for Aphe during the ritual. 
<ref>Bouke Van Der Meer "Some comments on the Tabula Capuana", in: Studi Etruschi 77, 2014 [2015], 149</ref>