Editing Tabulating machine (section)

==Selected models and timeline==

Hollerith's first tabulators were used to compile mortality statistics for Baltimore, Jersey City and New York City in 1886.<ref>{{cite web |title=The punched card tabulator |url=https://www.ibm.com/history/punched-card-tabulator |website=ibm.com |publisher=IBM |access-date=19 March 2024}}</ref>

The first Tabulating Machine Company (TMC) automatic feed tabulator, operating at 150 cards/minute, was developed in 1906.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1906.html|title=IBM Archives: 1906|date=January 23, 2003|website=www.ibm.com}}</ref>

The first TMC printing tabulator was developed in 1920.<ref>{{cite web |title = IBM Archives: 1920 |date= 23 January 2003 |publisher= IBM |url= http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1920.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050117192831/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/history/year_1920.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= January 17, 2005}}</ref>

TMC Type IV Accounting Machine (later renamed the IBM 301), from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20041217213509/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/reference/faq_0000000011.html IBM Archives]:
<blockquote>The 301 (better known as the ''Type IV'') Accounting Machine was the first card-controlled machine to incorporate class selection, automatic subtraction, and printing of a net positive or negative balance. Dating to 1928, this machine exemplifies the transition from tabulating to accounting machines. The Type IV could list 100 cards per minute.</blockquote>

[http://www.feb-patrimoine.com/projet/bull_t30/tabu_t30.htm H.W.Egli - BULL Tabulator model T30], 1931

IBM 401: <blockquote>The 401, introduced in 1933, was an early entry in a long series of IBM alphabetic tabulators and accounting machines. It was developed by a team headed by [[J. R. Peirce]] and incorporated significant functions and features invented by [[A. W. Mills]], [[F. J. Furman]] and [[E. J. Rabenda]]. The 401 added at a speed of 150 cards per minute and listed alphanumerical data at 80 cards per minute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/reference/faq_0000000011.html|title=IBM Archives -- FAQ's for Products and Services|website=www.ibm.com|date=11 June 2001 }}</ref></blockquote>

IBM 405: <blockquote>Introduced in 1934, the 405 Alphabetical Accounting Machine was the basic bookkeeping and accounting machine marketed by IBM for many years. Important features were expanded adding capacity, greater flexibility of counter grouping,{{efn|Later IBM tabulators provided multiple, small, counters of 2 to 8 positions.  When a larger counter was needed multiple counters could be grouped to function as a single counter.  For example, a control panel could be wired to group a 4 position and a 6 position counter, forming a 10 position counter.}} direct printing of the entire alphabet, direct subtraction{{efn|Before direct subtraction was available, negative numbers were entered as complements or were listed and totaled in separate columns.}} and printing of either debit or credit balance from any counter. Commonly called the 405 "tabulator," this machine remained the flagship of IBM's product line until after World War II.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/405.html|title=IBM Archives: IBM Type 405 Alphabetic Accounting Machine|date=2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/attic3/attic3_049.html|title=IBM Archives: IBM Type 405 Alphabetic Accounting Machine|date=January 23, 2003|website=www.ibm.com}}</ref> The British at [[Hut 8]] used Hollerith machinery to gain some knowledge of [[Known-plaintext attack]] cribs used by encrypted German messages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ellsbury.com/hut8/hut8-021.htm|title=The History of Hut Eight}}</ref></blockquote>

[[IBM 402]] and 403, from 1948, were modernized successors to the 405.
[[File:IBM402plugboard.Shrigley.wireside.jpg|thumb|250px|Control panel for an IBM 402 Accounting Machine]] <!-- Added from Computer Programming -->

<blockquote>The 1952 Bull Gamma 3 could be attached to this tabulator or to a card read/punch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technikum29.de/en/computer/tabulating-machine|title=BULL Tabulating machine - technikum29|website=technikum29.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technikum29.de/en/computer/gamma3|title=A first generation tube calculator: BULL GAMMA 3 - technikum29|website=technikum29.de}}</ref></blockquote>

[[IBM 407]]<blockquote>Introduced in 1949, the 407 was the mainstay of the IBM unit record product line for almost three decades. It was later adapted to serve as an input/output peripheral for several early electronic calculators and computers. Its printing mechanism was used in the [[IBM 716]] line printer for the [[IBM 700/7000 series]] and later with the [[IBM 1130]] through the mid-1970s.</blockquote>
<blockquote>The IBM 407 Accounting Machine was withdrawn from marketing in 1976, signaling the end of the unit record era.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/vintage/vintage_4506VV4007.html|title=IBM Archives: IBM 407 accounting machine|date=January 23, 2003|website=www.ibm.com}}</ref></blockquote>

[[IBM 421]]