Editing Technology governance (section)

== Barriers ==
Effective technology governance will involve collective action from various sectors to manage the development of breakthrough technologies. With the boundary-crossing nature of emerging technology, the need for collaborative policy-making architecture is paramount to adapt to the speed of technological change and address the variety of issues associated with introducing new technologies within our shared digital infrastructure.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=October 2019|title=Global Technology Governance A Multistakeholder Approach|url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Technology_Governance.pdf|access-date=December 7, 2021|website=World Economic Forum}}</ref> The challenge of a collaborative policy-making architecture within governance is the inherent need for trust and cooperation among diverse stakeholder groups between innovations.<ref name=":4" />

Among some of the barriers for governance, we see a well-known puzzle: the [[Collingridge dilemma]], holding that early in the innovation process — when interventions and course corrections might still prove easy and cheap — the full consequences of the technology and hence the need for change might not be fully apparent.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Collingridge|first=David|title=The Social Control of Technology|year=1980}}</ref> The [[Collingridge dilemma]] can be described as one of the main underlying problems within the governance of emerging technologies. With new technologies like Artificial Intelligence, the implications of introducing and applying this within our digital infrastructure could prove to be dangerous and unknown. Another example is neurotechnology, with embedded devices and brain-computer interfaces that challenge existing safety and efficacy regimes and may fail to consider the potential long-term ethical questions of protecting the human agency and mental privacy.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Technology governance - OECD|url=https://www.oecd.org/sti/science-technology-innovation-outlook/technology-governance/|access-date=2021-12-07|website=www.oecd.org}}</ref> In the opportunity that the need for intervention within an innovation becomes clear, changing the course to align with a collaborative policy could become expensive, complex, and time-consuming.<ref name=":5" /> This uncertainty and unknowingness with emerging technology make the challenges within "opening up" or "closing down" development trajectories the central focus of governance debates between sectors.<ref name=":5" />

Public acceptance introduces another aspect of challenges for technology governance. The resistance from the general acceptance within emerging innovations can fall under fundamental value conflicts, distributive concerns, or even failures of trust in governing institutions such as regulatory authorities and bodies giving technical advice. The opposition of public acceptance will require "[[anticipatory governance]]," an approach that uses participatory forms of foresight and technology assessment to work towards achieving desired future outcomes and focuses on engaging stakeholders in communicative processes with particular links to policy.<ref name=":5" /> Within [[anticipatory governance]] and the confines of the so-called [[Collingridge dilemma]], we envision building three capacities: anticipation or foresight; integration across disciplines; and public engagement.<ref name=":5" />