Editing Tengu (section)

==Great and small demons==
[[File:Karasu-Tengu-Statue.jpg|thumb|right|''Crow Tengu'', late Edo period (28×25×58&nbsp;cm)]]
[[File:KyosaiTenguBonze.jpg|thumb|right|''Tengu'' and a Buddhist monk, by [[Kawanabe Kyōsai]]. The ''tengu'' wears the cap and pom-pom sash of a follower of [[Shugendō]].]]

In the ''[[Genpei Jōsuiki]]'', written in the late [[Kamakura period]], a god appears to Go-Shirakawa and gives a detailed account of ''tengu'' ghosts. He says that they fall onto the ''tengu'' road because, as Buddhists, they cannot go to [[Di Yu|Hell]], yet as people with bad principles, they also cannot go to [[Nirvana|Heaven]]. He describes the appearance of different types of ''tengu'': the ghosts of priests, nuns, ordinary men, and ordinary women, all of whom in life possessed excessive pride. The god introduces the notion that not all ''tengu'' are equal; knowledgeable men become {{nihongo|''daitengu''|大天狗|greater tengu}}, but ignorant ones become {{nihongo|''kotengu''|小天狗|small tengu}}.<ref>de Visser, pp. 51–53.</ref>

The philosopher [[Hayashi Razan]] lists the greatest of these ''daitengu'' as [[Sōjōbō]] of [[Mount Kurama|Kurama]], [[Tarōbō]] of [[Mount Atago|Atago]], and Jirōbō of [[Hira Mountains|Hira]].<ref>de Visser, pp. 71.</ref> The demons of Kurama and Atago are among the most famous ''tengu''.<ref name="Mizuki 2001"/>

A section of the ''Tengu Meigikō'', later quoted by [[Inoue Enryō]], lists the ''daitengu'' in this order:
*{{nihongo|[[Sōjōbō]]|僧正坊}} of [[Mount Kurama]]
*{{nihongo|Tarōbō|太郎坊}} of [[Mount Atago]]
*{{nihongo|Jirōbō|二郎坊}} of the [[Hira Mountains]]
*{{nihongo|Sanjakubō|三尺坊}} of [[Mount Akiha]]
*{{nihongo|Ryūhōbō|笠鋒坊}} of [[Mount Kōmyō]]
*{{nihongo|Buzenbō|豊前坊}} of [[Mount Hiko]]
*{{nihongo|Hōkibō|伯耆坊}} of [[Mount Daisen]]
*{{nihongo|Myōgibō|妙義坊}} of Mount Ueno ([[Ueno Park]])
*{{nihongo|Sankibō|三鬼坊}} of [[Itsukushima]]
*{{nihongo|Zenkibō|前鬼坊}} of [[Mount Ōmine]]
*{{nihongo|Kōtenbō|高天坊}} of [[Katsuragi, Nara|Katsuragi]]
*{{nihongo|Tsukuba-hōin|筑波法印}} of [[Hitachi Province]]
*{{nihongo|Daranibō|陀羅尼坊}} of [[Mount Fuji]]
*{{nihongo|Naigubu|内供奉}} of [[Mount Takao]]
*{{nihongo|Sagamibō|相模坊}} of [[Shiramine, Ishikawa|Shiramine]]
*{{nihongo|Saburō|三郎}} of [[Mount Iizuna]]
*{{nihongo|Ajari|阿闍梨}} of [[Higo Province]]<ref>de Visser, p. 82; most kanji and some name corrections retrieved from [http://www1.bbweb-arena.com/baron/tengu.html here] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210513/http://www1.bbweb-arena.com/baron/tengu.html |date=2007-09-27 }}.</ref>

''Daitengu'' are often pictured in a more human-like form than their underlings, and due to their long noses, they may also be called {{nihongo|''hanatakatengu''|鼻高天狗|tall-nosed tengu}}. ''Kotengu'' may conversely be depicted as more bird-like. They are sometimes called {{nihongo|'''Karasu-Tengu'''|烏天狗|crow tengu}}, or {{nihongo|''koppa-'' or ''konoha-tengu''|木葉天狗, 木の葉天狗|foliage tengu}}.<ref name="ReferenceA">Mizuki 2001</ref> [[Inoue Enryō]] described two kinds of ''tengu'' in his ''Tenguron'': the great ''daitengu'', and the small, bird-like ''konoha-tengu'' who live in ''[[Cryptomeria]]'' trees. The ''konoha-tengu'' are noted in a book from 1746 called the {{nihongo|'''Shokoku Rijin Dan'''|諸国里人談}}, as bird-like creatures with wings two meters across which were seen catching fish in the [[Ōi River]], but this name rarely appears in literature otherwise.<ref>de Visser, p. 84; Mizuki 2003, p. 70. The term '''konoha-tengu''' is often mentioned in English texts as a synonym for ''daitengu'', but this appears to be a widely repeated mistake which is not corroborated by Japanese-language sources.</ref>

Creatures that do not fit the classic bird or ''yamabushi'' image are sometimes called ''tengu''. For example, ''tengu'' in the guise of wood-spirits may be called {{nihongo|''guhin'' (occasionally written ''kuhin'')|狗賓|dog guests}}, but this word can also refer to ''tengu'' with canine mouths or other features.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The people of [[Kōchi Prefecture]] on [[Shikoku]] believe in a creature called {{nihongo|''shibaten'' or ''shibatengu''|シバテン, 芝天狗|lawn tengu}}, but this is a small childlike being who loves ''[[sumo|sumō]]'' wrestling and sometimes dwells in the water, and is generally considered one of the many kinds of ''[[Kappa (folklore)|kappa]]''.<ref>Mizuki, Mujara 4, p. 94</ref> Another water-dwelling ''tengu'' is the {{nihongo|''kawatengu''|川天狗|river tengu}} of the [[Greater Tokyo Area]]. This creature is rarely seen, but it is believed to create strange fireballs and be a nuisance to fishermen.<ref>Mizuki, Mujara 1, p. 38; [http://www.nichibun.ac.jp/cgi-bin/YoukaiDB/kwaiiList.cgi?Name=%1b%24B%25%2b%25o%25F%25s%250%1b%28B&Pref=&Area=%c1%b4%b9%f1  Kawatengu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006005257/http://www.nichibun.ac.jp/cgi-bin/YoukaiDB/kwaiiList.cgi?Name=%1b%24B%25%2b%25o%25F%25s%250%1b%28B&Pref=&Area=%c1%b4%b9%f1 |date=2006-10-06 }} at the [[Kaii-Yōkai Denshō Database]] </ref>
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