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Terbium
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==== Oxidation states ==== Like most [[rare-earth elements]] and [[lanthanides]], terbium is usually found in the +3 oxidation state. Like [[cerium]] and [[praseodymium]], terbium can also form a +4 oxidation state,<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Palumbo |first1=Chad T. |last2=Zivkovic |first2=Ivica |last3=Scopelliti |first3=Rosario |last4=Mazzanti |first4=Marinella |date=2019-06-26 |title=Molecular Complex of Tb in the +4 Oxidation State |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.9b05337 |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |language=en |volume=141 |issue=25 |pages=9827β9831 |doi=10.1021/jacs.9b05337 |pmid=31194529 |bibcode=2019JAChS.141.9827P |issn=0002-7863}}</ref> although it is unstable in water.<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}}</ref> It is possible for terbium to be found in the 0,<ref name="Cloke">{{cite journal |last=Cloke |first=F. Geoffrey N. |date=1993 |title=Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |volume=22 |pages=17β24 |doi=10.1039/CS9932200017}}</ref><ref name="Arnold">{{cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=Polly L. |last2=Petrukhina |first2=Marina A. |last3=Bochenkov |first3=Vladimir E. |last4=Shabatina |first4=Tatyana I. |last5=Zagorskii |first5=Vyacheslav V. |last6=Cloke |first9=F. Geoffrey N. |date=2003-12-15 |title=Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation |journal=Journal of Organometallic Chemistry |volume=688 |issue=1β2 |pages=49β55 |doi=10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028}}</ref> +1,<ref name="Wan-Lu Li">{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Wan-Lu |last2=Chen |first2=Teng-Teng |last3=Chen |first3=Wei-Jia |last4=Li |first4=Jun |last5=Wang |first5=Lai-Sheng |year=2021 |title=Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes |journal=Nature Communications |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=6467 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.6467L |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9 |pmc=8578558 |pmid=34753931}}</ref> and +2<ref name=":1" /> oxidation states.
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