Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Timeline of Christianity
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
==Apostolic Age== {{Main|Apostolic Age}} {{disputed|date=March 2019}} Shortly after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ ([[Nisan]] 14 or 15), the [[First Christian church|Jerusalem church]] was founded as the first [[Christian church]] with about 120 Jews and Jewish [[Proselytes]] ({{Bibleverse|Acts||1:15}}), followed by the events of *[[Pentecost]] ([[Sivan]] 6) *[[Ananias and Sapphira]] incident, *Pharisee [[Gamaliel]]'s defense of the [[Twelve Apostles|Apostles]] ({{Bibleverse|Acts||5:34-39}}), *the [[stoning]] of [[Saint Stephen]] (see also [[Persecution of Christians]]) and the subsequent [[dispersion of the Apostles]] ({{Bibleverse|Acts||7:54-8:8}}, also {{bibleverse||Mark|16:20}}) which leads to the baptism of [[Simon Magus]] in [[Samaria]] ({{Bibleverse|Acts||8:9-24}}), and also an [[Ethiopia]]n [[eunuch]] ({{Bibleverse|Acts||8:26-40}}) *Paul's "[[Road to Damascus]]" conversion to "Apostle to the Gentiles" is first recorded in {{Bibleverse||Acts|9:13-16}}, cf. {{Bibleverse||Gal|1:11-24}} *Peter [[baptize]]s the Roman [[Centurion Cornelius]], who is traditionally considered the first [[Gentile]] convert to Christianity ({{Bibleverse|Acts||10}}) *The [[List of Patriarchs of Antioch|Antioch church]] is founded, where the term Christian was first used ({{Bibleverse|Acts||11:26}}). {{Hatnote|The following table is edited to be more readable}} {| class="wikitable" style="align: center;" |- ! Year ! Date ! History ! Image |- | 37–41 || || Crisis under [[Caligula]] is seen as the first clear conflict between Rome and the Jews.<ref>H.H. Ben-Sasson, ''A History of the Jewish People'', Harvard University Press, 1976, {{ISBN|0-674-39731-2}}, ''The Crisis Under Gaius Caligula'', pages 254-256: "The reign of Gaius Caligula (37-41) witnessed the first open break between the Jews and the [[Julio-Claudian]] empire. Until then — if one accepts [[Sejanus]]' heyday and the trouble caused by the [[Census of Quirinius|census after Archelaus' banishment]] — there was usually an atmosphere of understanding between the Jews and the empire ... These relations deteriorated seriously during Caligula's reign, and, though after his death the peace was outwardly re-established, considerable bitterness remained on both sides. ... Caligula ordered that a golden statue of himself be set up in the Temple in Jerusalem. ... Only Caligula's death, at the hands of Roman conspirators (41), prevented the outbreak of a Jewish-Roman war that might well have spread to the entire East."</ref> |- |Before 44 || || [[Epistle of James]] is written by [[James the Great]], originally in [[Koine Greek]]. || [[File:Fülep Lajos Baja.JPG|thumb|Memorial to [[Lajos Fülep]] quoting James 3:17, "But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure; then peace-loving, considerate, submissive, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial and sincere."]] |- |44? || || Death of [[Saint James the Great]] - According to [[Historia Compostelana|a medieval tradition]], on 2th of January of the year 40 AD, [[the Virgin Mary]] appeared to James on a [[Our Lady of the Pillar|pillar]] on the bank of the [[Ebro River]] at [[Caesaraugusta]], while he was preaching the Gospel in Spain. Following that vision, [[James the Great|St. James]] returned to Judea, where he was beheaded by [[Herod Agrippa|King Herod Agrippa I]] in the year 44 AD during a [[Passover]]. Herod then proceeded to arrest [[Saint Peter|St. Peter]] (Nisan 15) ({{Bibleverse|Acts||12:1-3}}). || [[File:Peter Paul Rubens - St James the Apostle - WGA20192.jpg|thumb|St. James the Apostle (1612-1613)]] |- |44 || || The death of [[Herod Agrippa|Herod Agrippa I]] (Last king of Judea) occurred when an angel of the Lord struck him down, resulting in him being eaten by worms and dying.<ref>Flavius Josephus: [https://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant19.html Antiquities of the Jews - Book XIX] (JA19), section 8.2, earlyjewishwritings.com, accessed 2024-11-13</ref> ({{Bibleverse||Acts|12:20-23}})|| [[File:Herod Agrippa medal.svg|thumb|King Herod II]] |- | 44–46? || || [[Theudas]] was beheaded by [[Procurator (Roman)|Procurator]] [[Cuspius Fadus]] for saying he would part the Jordan River (like [[Moses]] with the Red Sea or [[Joshua]] with the Jordan). After him, [[Judas of Galilee|Judas the Galilean]] rose up at the time of the census and gathered followers; he also perished, and all who followed him were scattered.<ref>Flavius Josephus: [http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant20.html Antiquities of the Jews - Book XX] (JA20), section 5.1 earlyjewishwritings.com, accessed 2024-11-13</ref> ({{Bibleverse||Acts|5:36-37}} places it before the [[Census of Quirinius]]) |- | 45–49? || || Mission of [[Barnabas]] and Paul, ({{Bibleverse||Acts|13:1-14:28}}) to Cyprus, [[Antioch, Pisidia|Pisidian Antioch]], [[Iconium]], [[Lystra]] and [[Derbe]] (there they were called "gods ... in human form"), then return to Syrian [[Antioch]]: [http://www.bible.org/assets/netbible/jp1.jpg Map1] |- | 47 || || The [[Church of the East]] is created by [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas]] in the Persian Empire (modern-day Iraq and Iran) |- |48 || || Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15). Gentile Christians accepted alongside those in the Jewish tradition. |- | 48–100 || || [[Agrippa II|Herod Agrippa II]] appointed [[Herodian Dynasty|King of the Jews]] by [[Claudius]], seventh and last of the [[Herodians]] || [[File:Herod Agrippa II medal.svg|thumb|Herod Agrippa II]] |- | 49 || || [[Claudius]] expelled the Jews from Rome, stating, "the Jews constantly made disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus."<ref>A. J. MAAS (2003). [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08374x.htm Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ]. Retrieved January 23, 2006. [[Walter Bauer]]'s et al. ''Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament'', 1979, under Christos notes: "as a personal name; the Gentiles must have understood Christos in this way to them it seemed very much like Chrestos [even in pronunciation ...], a name that is found in lit."</ref> (referenced in {{Bibleverse|Acts||18:2}})<ref>Suetonius, [[Lives of the Twelve Caesars]], Claudius XXV.4; [http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=352&letter=R&search=Sejanus#1006 Jewish Encyclopedia: Rome: Expelled Under Tiberius]: "... in 49–50, in consequence of dissensions among them regarding the [[Jewish messianism|advent of the Messiah]], they were forbidden to hold religious services. The leaders in the controversy, and many others of the Jewish citizens, left the city."</ref> || [[File:Claudius crop.jpg|thumb|Sculpture of Claudius]] |- | 50 || || [[Passover]] riot in [[Jerusalem]], 20,000–30,000 killed<ref>Flavius Josephus: [http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant20.html Antiquities of the Jews - Book XX] (JA20), section 5.3 earlyjewishwritings.com, accessed 2024-11-13</ref><ref>Flavius Josephus: [http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/war2.html Early Jewish Writings- The Wars Of The Jews] JW2.12.1 earlyjewishwritings.com, accessed 2024-11-13</ref> |- | 50? || || [[Council of Jerusalem]] and the "Apostolic Decree" of {{Bibleverse|Acts||15:1-35}}, same as {{Bibleverse||Galatians|2:1-10}}?, which is followed by the [[Incident at Antioch]]<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08537a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Judaizers] see section titled: "THE INCIDENT AT ANTIOCH"</ref> at which Paul publicly accuses Peter of "[[Judaizing]]" ({{Bibleverse-nb||Galatians|2:11-21}}); see also [[Circumcision controversy in early Christianity]] |- | 50–53? || || St. Paul's 2nd mission ({{Bibleverse||Acts|15:36-18:22}}), split with Barnabas, to Phrygia, Galatia, Macedonia, Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, Corinth, "he had his hair cut off at Cenchrea because of a vow he had taken", then return to Antioch; [[First Epistle to the Thessalonians|1 Thessalonians]], [[Epistle to Galatians|Galatians]] written? [http://www.bible.org/assets/netbible/jp2.jpg Map2]. [[Lydia of Thyatira]], a seller of purple, becomes the first European Christian convert<ref>Cumming, John (1998). ''Butler's Lives of the Saints''. Collgeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press. p. 24</ref> [http://bibref.hebtools.com/bibref.php?book=Acts&verse=16%3A11-15&src=1000 (Acts 16:11-15)] |- | 51–52 or 52–53 || || Proconsulship of [[Lucius Iunius Gallio Annaeanus|Gallio]] according to an inscription, only fixed date in chronology of Paul<ref>[http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Pauline_Chronology.htm Pauline Chronology: His Life and Missionary Work], from [http://catholic-resources.org/ Catholic Resources] by Felix Just, S.J.</ref> |- | 52 || November 21 || [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas the Apostle]] lands in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomas The Apostole |url=http://stthoma.com/ |website=stthoma.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208073816/http://stthoma.com/ |archive-date=8 February 2011 |access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/more-studies-needed-at-pattanam/article4743789.ece |title=More studies needed at Pattanam |author=Staff Reporter |work=The Hindu |date=23 May 2013 |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stthoma.com/ |title=About Thomas The Apostle |website=stthoma.com |access-date=14 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208073816/http://stthoma.com/ |archive-date=8 February 2011}}</ref> Establishes churches at [[Kodungalloor]], [[Palayoor]], [[North Paravur|Paraur]], [[Kottakkav]], [[Kokkamangalam]], [[Nilakkal]], [[Niranam]] and [[Kollam]] || [[File:Rubens apostel thomas.jpg|thumb|St. Thomas the Apostle]] |- | 53–57? || || St. Paul's 3rd mission, ({{Bibleverse||Acts|18:23-22:30}}), to Galatia, Phrygia, Corinth, Ephesus, Macedonia, Greece, and Jerusalem where [[James the Just]] challenges him about rumor of teaching [[antinomianism]] ({{Bibleverse-nb|Acts||21:21}}); he addresses a crowd in their language (most likely [[Aramaic of Jesus|Aramaic]]); [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]], [[First Epistle to the Corinthians|1 Corinthians]], [[Second Epistle to the Corinthians|2 Corinthians]], [[Epistle to the Philippians|Philippians]] written? [http://www.bible.org/assets/netbible/jp3.jpg Map3] |- | 55? || || "[[Egyptian (prophet)|Egyptian Prophet]]" (allusion to Moses) and 30,000 unarmed Jews doing [[The Exodus]] reenactment massacred by [[Procurator (Roman)|Procurator]] [[Antonius Felix]],<ref>Flavius Josephus: [http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/war2.html Early Jewish Writings- The Wars Of The Jews] JW2.13.5 earlyjewishwritings.com, accessed 2024-11-13</ref><ref>Flavius Josephus: [http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant20.html Antiquities of the Jews - Book XX] (JA20), section 8.6 earlyjewishwritings.com, accessed 2024-11-13</ref> {{Bibleverse|Acts||21:38}}) |- | 58? || || St. Paul arrested, accused of being a [[zealot|revolutionary]], "ringleader of the sect of the [[Nazarene (title)|Nazarenes]]", teaching [[resurrection of the dead]], imprisoned in [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]] ({{Bibleverse|Acts||23-26}}) |- | 59? || || After St. Paul was shipwrecked on Malta, he was called a god. ({{Bibleverse|Acts||28:6}}) |- | 60? || || St. Paul in Rome was greeted by many "brothers". Three days later, he called together the Jewish leaders, who had not received any word from Judea about him but were curious about "this sect," which was spoken against everywhere. He tried to convince them from the "[[Torah|law]] and [[Neviim|prophets]]", with partial success. He said the Gentiles would listen and spent two years proclaiming the [[Kingdom of God]] and teaching "the Lord Jesus Christ"({{Bibleverse||Acts|28:15-31|9}}); [[Epistle to Philemon]] written? |- | 60–65 || || The early date for the writing of the [[First Epistle of Peter]] is debated among scholars, but it is generally believed to have been written around this date. (written by Peter) |- | 62 || || [[James, brother of Jesus|James the Just]] is stoned to death for law transgression by [[List of High Priests of Israel|High Priest]] [[Hanan ben Hanan|Ananus ben Artanus]]. Popular opinion against this act resulted in Ananus being deposed by the new procurator [[Lucceius Albinus]]<ref>Flavius Josephus: [http://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/josephus/ant20.html Antiquities of the Jews - Book XX] (JA20), section 9.1 earlyjewishwritings.com, accessed 2024-11-13</ref> || [[File:Saint James the Just.jpg|thumb|St. James the Just]] |- | 63–107? || || [[Simeon of Jerusalem|Simeon]], 2nd [[Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem#Bishops of Jerusalem|Bishop of Jerusalem]], crucified under [[Trajan]] || [[File:SymeonTheApostle.jpg|thumb|Simeon the Apostle]] |- | 64–68 || || after July 18 [[Great Fire of Rome]]; [[Nero]] blames and [[Persecution of Christians|persecutes]] the ''Christians'' (or Chrestians<ref>In the earliest extant manuscript containing ''Annales'' 15:44, the second Medicean, the ''e'' in "Chrestianos", Chrestians, has been changed into an ''i''; cf. Gerd Theißen, Annette Merz, ''Der historische Jesus: ein Lehrbuch'', 2001, p. 89. The reading ''Christianos'', Christians, is therefore doubtful.</ref>), possibly the earliest mention of ''Christians'' by that name, in Rome; see also [[Tacitus on Jesus]]; Paul beheaded? ({{Bibleverse||Col|1:24}},{{Bibleverse||Eph|3:13}},{{Bibleverse|2|Tim|4:6-8|NRSV}},[http://earlychristianwritings.com/text/1clement-roberts.html 1Clem] 5:5-7), Peter [[Cross of St. Peter|crucified upside-down]]? ({{Bibleverse||Jn|21:18}},{{Bibleverse|1|Pet|5:13}},[http://earlychristianwritings.com/text/tertullian11.html Tertullian's Prescription Against Heretics] chapter XXXVI,[http://ccel.org/fathers2/NPNF2-01/Npnf2-01-08.htm#P1497_696002 Eusebius' Church History Book III] chapter I), "...a vast multitude, were convicted, not so much of the crime of incendiarism as of hatred of the human race. And in their deaths they were made the subjects of sport; for they were wrapped in the hides of wild beasts and torn to pieces by dogs, or nailed to crosses, or set on fire, and when day declined, were burned to serve for nocturnal lights." ([[Annals (Tacitus)]] XV.44) |- |64/67(?)–76/79(?) || || [[Pope Linus]] succeeds Peter as Episcopus Romanus (Bishop of Rome) |- | 64 || ||The [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] written by an Unknown Author |- | 65 || || The [[Q document]], a hypothetical Greek text thought by many critical scholars to have been used in the writing of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] |- |66–73 || || [[First Jewish–Roman War]]: destruction of [[Herod's Temple]] and end of Judaism according to [[Supersessionism]]; [[Qumran]] community (site of [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] found in 1947) destroyed |- |70(+/–10)? || || [[Gospel of Mark]], written in Rome, by Peter's interpreter (1 Peter 5:13), The original ending of the gospel is believed to be lost, and additional endings were added around c. 400 ([[Mark 16]]) || [[File:Mark 16 first lines, Codex Sinaiticus.png|thumb|The end of Mark 15 (excluding verse 47]] |- |70? || || The [[Signs Gospel]] written, hypothetical Greek text used in the [[Gospel of John]] to prove Jesus is the Messiah || [[File:Zampieri St John Evangelist.jpg|thumb|Saint John the Evangelist, Domenichino]] |- |70–100? || || Additional [[Pauline Epistles]](??) |- |70-132 || || The [[Epistle of Barnabas]] (Apostolic Fathers) |- |70–200? || || The [[Gospel of Thomas]], the [[Jewish-Christian Gospels]]: the [[Gospel of the Ebionites]], the [[Gospel of the Hebrews]], the [[Gospel of the Nazarenes]] ''Will come back to edit this''|| [[File:El Evangelio de Tomás-Gospel of Thomas- Codex II Manuscritos de Nag Hammadi-The Nag Hammadi manuscripts.png|thumb|Gospel of Thomas and The Secret Book of John]] |- | 72 || July 3 || Martyrdom of [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas the Apostle]] at Chinnamala, [[Mylapore]], Chennai (Tamil Nadu) |- |76/79(?)–88 || || [[Pope Anacletus]]: first Greek Pope, who succeeds Linus as Episcopus Romanus (Bishop of Rome) || [[File:Interior of Chiesa dei Gesuiti (Venice) - sacristy - Papa Cleto - 1592-1593 - by Palma il Giovane.jpg|thumb|Pope Anacletus]] |- |80(+/-20) || || the [[Didache]] written in Koine Greek |- |80(+/-20)? || || The [[Gospel of Matthew]], based on Mark and Q, most popular in [[Early Christianity]] || [[File:POxy v0064 n4404 a 01 hires.jpg|thumb|Gospel of Matthew]] |- |80(+/-20)? || || The [[Gospel of Luke]], based on Mark and Q, also [[Acts of the Apostles]] by same author || [[File:Luke 13.29-35 and 14.10 (CBL BP I, f.15r).jpg|thumb|Gospel of Luke]] |- |80(+/-20)? || || The [[Pastoral Epistles]] written (possible post-Pauline authorship) |- |88–101? || || [[Pope Clement I|Clement]], fourth [[Bishop of Rome]]: wrote [[First Epistle of Clement|Letter of the Romans to the Corinthians]] (Apostolic Fathers) |- |90? || || [[Council of Jamnia]] of Judaism (disputed); [[Domitian]] applies the [[Fiscus Judaicus]] tax even to those who merely "lived like Jews"<ref>[http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=183&letter=F&search=Fiscus%20Iudaicus Jewish Encyclopedia: Fiscus Iudaicus], [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-domitian-rolfe.html Suetonius's Domitian] XII: "Besides other taxes, that on the Jews [A tax of two drachmas a head, imposed by Titus in return for free permission to practice their religion; see Josephus, Bell. Jud. 7.6.6] was levied with the utmost rigor, and those were prosecuted who, without publicly acknowledging that faith, yet lived as Jews, as well as those who concealed their origin and did not pay the tribute levied upon their people [These may have been Christians, whom the Romans commonly assumed were Jews]. I recall being present in my youth when the person of a man ninety years old was examined before the procurator and a very crowded court, to see whether he was circumcised."</ref> |- |90(+/-10)? || || The late date for the writing of [[1 Peter]] (associate of Peter as author) |- |94 || || [[Testimonium Flavianum]], disputed section of [[Jewish Antiquities]] by [[Josephus]] in [[Aramaic language|Aramaic]], translated to [[Koine Greek]] |- |95(+/-30)? || || The [[Gospel of John]] and the [[Epistles of John]] |- |90 || || The [[Book of Revelation]] written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his |- |96 || || [[Nerva]] modifies the ''Fiscus Judaicus'', from then on, practicing Jews must pay taxes while Christians do not<ref>Wylen, Stephen M., ''The Jews in the Time of Jesus: An Introduction'', Paulist Press (1995), {{ISBN|0-8091-3610-4}}, pp. 190–192.; Dunn, James D.G., ''Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135'', Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing (1999), {{ISBN|0-8028-4498-7}}, Pp 33-34.; Boatwright, Mary Taliaferro & Gargola, Daniel J & Talbert, Richard John Alexander, ''The Romans: From Village to Empire'', Oxford University Press (2004), {{ISBN|0-19-511875-8}}, p. 426.;</ref> |- |98–117? || || [[Ignatius of Antioch|Ignatius]], third [[Bishop of Antioch]], fed to the lions in the [[Roman Colosseum]], advocated the [[Bishop]] (Eph 6:1, Mag 2:1,6:1,7:1,13:2, Tr 3:1, Smy 8:1,9:1), rejected [[Sabbath in Christianity|Sabbath]] on Saturday in favor of "The Lord's Day" (Sunday). (Mag 9.1), rejected [[Judaizing]] (Mag 10.3), first recorded use of the term catholic (Smy 8:2). |- |100(+/-10)? || || The [[Epistle of Jude]] was likely written by Jude, a doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6:3). It was rejected by some early Christians due to its reference to the apocryphal [[Book of Enoch]]. |} * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)