Editing Timeline of meteorology (section)

==18th century==
* 1716 – [[Edmond Halley|Edmund Halley]] suggests that [[Aurora (astronomy)|aurora]]e are caused by "magnetic effluvia" moving along the [[Earth's magnetic field]] lines.
[[Image:AtmosphCirc2.svg|right|thumb|120px|Global circulation as described by Hadley.]]
* 1724 – [[Gabriel Fahrenheit]] creates reliable scale for measuring temperature with a mercury-type [[thermometer]].<ref>Grigull, U., [http://www.td.mw.tum.de/tum-td/de/forschung/pub/CD_Grigull/127.pdf Fahrenheit, a Pioneer of Exact Thermometry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050125063120/http://www.td.mw.tum.de/tum-td/de/forschung/pub/CD_Grigull/127.pdf |date=January 25, 2005 }}. Heat Transfer, 1966, The Proceedings of the 8th International Heat Transfer Conference, San Francisco, 1966, Vol. 1.</ref>
* 1735 – The first ''ideal'' explanation of [[Atmospheric circulation|global circulation]] was the study of the [[Trade winds]] by [[George Hadley]].<ref>{{cite journal|author=George Hadley|s2cid=186209280|jstor=103976|url=https://archive.org/details/philtrans03179785|title=Concerning the cause of the general trade winds|doi=10.1098/rstl.1735.0014|year=1735|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|volume=39|issue=436–444|pages=58–62}}</ref>
* 1738 – [[Daniel Bernoulli]] publishes ''Hydrodynamics'', initiating the [[kinetic theory of gases]].  He gave a poorly detailed [[equation of state]], but also the basic laws for the theory of gases.<ref>{{MacTutor Biography|id=Bernoulli_Daniel}}</ref>
* 1742 – [[Anders Celsius]], a Swedish astronomer, proposed the Celsius temperature scale which led to the current [[Celsius]] scale.<ref>Olof Beckman (2001) [http://www.astro.uu.se/history/Celsius_scale.html History of the Celsius temperature scale.], ''translated'', Anders Celsius  (Elementa, 84:4).</ref>
* 1743 – [[Benjamin Franklin]] is prevented from seeing a lunar eclipse by a hurricane; he decides that cyclones move in a contrary manner to the winds at their periphery.<ref name="Dorst">Dorst, Neal, [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/J6.html FAQ: Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Tropical Cyclones: Hurricane Timeline], [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/ Hurricane Research Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA], ''January 2006''.</ref>
* 1761 – [[Joseph Black]] discovers that ice absorbs heat without changing its [[temperature]] when melting.
* 1772 – Black's student [[Daniel Rutherford]] discovers [[nitrogen]], which he calls ''phlogisticated air'', and together they explain the results in terms of the [[phlogiston theory]].<ref>[http://www.londonmet.ac.uk/genesis/search/$-search-results.cfm?CCODE=2476 Biographical note at “Lectures and Papers of Professor Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819), and Diary of Mrs Harriet Rutherford”]. londonmet.ac.uk</ref>
* 1774 – [[Louis Cotte]] is put in charge of a "medico-meteorological" network of French veterinarians and country doctors to investigate the relationship between plague and weather. The project continued until 1794.<ref>[http://www.sartonchair.ugent.be/index.php?id=75&type=file Gaston R. Demarée: The Ancien Régime instrumental meteorological observations in Belgium or the physician with lancet and thermometer in the wake of Hippocrates]. Ghent University.</ref>
::- [[Royal Society]] begins twice daily observations compiled by [[Samuel Horsley]] testing for the influence of winds and of the Moon on the barometer readings.<ref name=Heilbron>[http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft6d5nb455&chunk.id=d0e7006&toc.id=&brand=eschol J.L. Heilbron et al.: "The Quantifying Spirit in the 18th Century"]. Publishing.cdlib.org. Retrieved on November 6, 2013.</ref>
* 1777 – [[Antoine Lavoisier]] discovers [[oxygen]] and develops an explanation for combustion.<ref>"Sur la combustion en général" ("On Combustion in general", 1777) and "Considérations Générales sur la Nature des Acides" ("General Considerations on the Nature of Acids", 1778).</ref>
* 1780 – [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Charles Theodor]] charters the first international network of meteorological observers known as "Societas Meteorologica Palatina". The project collapses in 1795.<ref name=Heilbron />
* 1780 – [[James Six]] invents the [[Six's thermometer]], a thermometer that records minimum and maximum temperatures.  See ([[Six's thermometer]])
* 1783 – In [[Antoine Lavoisier|Lavoisier]]'s article "Reflexions sur le phlogistique", he deprecates the phlogiston theory<ref>Nicholas W. Best, "[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9220-5 Lavoisier's 'Reflections on Phlogiston' I: Against Phlogiston Theory"], ''[[Foundations of Chemistry]]'', 2015, '''17''', 137–151.</ref> and proposes a [[caloric theory]] of heat.<ref>Nicholas W. Best, [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10698-015-9236-x Lavoisier's 'Reflections on Phlogiston' II: On the Nature of Heat], ''[[Foundations of Chemistry]]'', 2016, '''18''', 3–13. In this early work, Lavoisier calls it "igneous fluid".</ref><ref>The 1880 edition of [[A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar#Caloric theory|A Guide to the Scientific Knowledge of Things Familiar]], a 19th-century educational science book, explained heat transfer in terms of the flow of caloric.</ref>
:: – First hair [[hygrometer]] demonstrated. The inventor was [[Horace-Bénédict de Saussure]].