Editing Tracheotomy (section)

==Components==
[[Image:Tracheostomy tube.jpg|thumb|An outer cannula (top item) with inflatable cuff (top right), an inner cannula (center item) and an obturator (bottom item)]]
A tracheostomy tube may be single or dual lumen, and also cuffed or uncuffed. A dual lumen tracheostomy tube consists of an outer cannula or main shaft, an inner cannula, and an obturator. The obturator is used when inserting the tracheostomy tube to guide the placement of the outer cannula and is removed once the outer cannula is in place. The outer cannula remains in place but, because of the buildup of secretions, there is an inner cannula that may be removed for cleaning after use or it may be replaced. Single-lumen tracheostomy tubes do not have a removable inner cannula, suitable for narrower airways. Cuffed tracheostomy tubes have inflatable balloons at the end of the tube to secure them in place. A tracheostomy tube may be fenestrated with one or several holes to let air through the [[larynx]], allowing speech.<ref name=Taylor>Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1382–1383, 1404.</ref>

Special tracheostomy tube valves (such as the Passy-Muir valve<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors= Passy V, Baydur A, Prentice W, Darnell-Neal R|title=Passy-Muir tracheostomy speaking valve on ventilator-dependent patients|journal=The Laryngoscope|volume=103|issue= 6|pages=653–8|year=1993|pmid=8502098|doi=10.1288/00005537-199306000-00013|s2cid=22397705}}</ref>) have been created to assist people in their speech. The patient can inhale through the unidirectional tube. Upon expiration, pressure causes the valve to close, redirecting air around the tube, past the vocal folds, producing sound.<ref name="Cullen1963">{{cite journal|vauthors=Cullen JH|title=An evaluation of tracheostomy in pulmonary emphysema|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=58|issue=6|pages=953–60|year=1963|pmid=14024192|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-58-6-953}}</ref>