Editing Tree spiking (section)

=== United States ===

Following the 1987 injury of California mill worker George Alexander, anti-tree spiking legislation was introduced as the Anti-Tree Spiking Act,<ref>{{USBill|100|hr|3075}}</ref> and was passed into federal law as an amendment, introduced by senators [[James A. McClure]] and [[Mark Hatfield]],<ref name="green-rage" /><ref name="ecocentrists" /> to the [[Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988]].<ref>{{USStatute|100|690|102|4181|1988|11|18}}, {{USBill|100|HR|5210}}</ref> In 1993, John Blount and others were convicted under this statute for spiking trees in the [[Clearwater National Forest]], after [[Tracy Stone-Manning]] agreed to testify in exchange for immunity from prosecution.<ref>{{Cite news |last=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=8 June 1993 |title=Clearwater forest trial opens in Idaho tree-spiking case |url=https://lmtribune.com/northwest/clearwater-forest-trial-opens-in-idaho-tree-spiking-case-lawyer-denies-intent-to-harm-anyone/article_33420451-3859-576d-90b7-9a47e6032c9b.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623192237/https://lmtribune.com/northwest/clearwater-forest-trial-opens-in-idaho-tree-spiking-case-lawyer-denies-intent-to-harm-anyone/article_33420451-3859-576d-90b7-9a47e6032c9b.html |archive-date=23 June 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=The Lewiston Tribune |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Partlow |first=Joshua |last2=Grandoni |first2=Dino |date=4 July 2021 |title=As a student, Tracy Stone-Manning sent a letter on behalf of eco-saboteurs. It's now complicating her chance to lead the Bureau of Land Management. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/07/04/student-tracy-stone-manning-sent-letter-behalf-eco-saboteurs-its-now-complicating-her-chance-lead-bureau-land-management/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705105042/https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/07/04/student-tracy-stone-manning-sent-letter-behalf-eco-saboteurs-its-now-complicating-her-chance-lead-bureau-land-management/ |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=11 July 2021 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> In 2021, President [[Joe Biden|Biden]] nominated Tracy Stone-Manning to lead the [[Bureau of Land Management]]. Leading up to her confirmation, significant press attention was given to allegations that she was a central member in the 1989 tree-spiking plot.<ref name="stone-manning">{{Cite web |last=Streater |first=Scott |last2=Yachnin |first2=Jennifer |date=July 15, 2021 |title=Convicted tree spiker: Stone-Manning knew plans in advance |url=https://www.eenews.net/articles/convicted-tree-spiker-stone-manning-knew-plans-in-advance/ |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=Greenwire |publisher=E&E}}</ref>

In 1990, Earth First! leaders, including [[Judi Bari]] and [[Mike Roselle]], issued a memo and press release to Earth First! activists in Northern [[California]] and Southern [[Oregon]], renouncing tree-spiking as a tactic on the eve of [[Redwood Summer]], a 1990 campaign of nonviolent protests against logging of the [[Redwood Empire|redwood forest]].<ref name="earth-first-press-release" />