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Trifolium repens
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==Distribution== It is native in Europe and Central Asia, ubiquitous throughout the British Isles,<ref name="BSBI">{{cite web |title=BSBI Online Atlas of the British Flora |url=https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/trifolium-repens |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414051758/https://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/plant/trifolium-repens |url-status=dead }}</ref> introduced in [[North America]], [[South Africa]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], [[Japan]] and elsewhere, and globally cultivated as a forage crop. White clover has been used as a [[model organism]] for global research into [[ecology]] and [[urban evolution]]. As part of the [[Global Urban Evolution Project]] (GLUE) scientists from 26 countries examined the production of [[cyanide]] by over 110,000 clover plants from 160 cities. Cyanide can be useful to clover plants as a deterrent to herbivores. Analyzing urban-rural differences, scientists found that cyanide production tended to increase with distance from the center of cities, suggesting that clover populations were adapting to factors commonly found in urban centers worldwide. Possible factors could include temperature (freezing is related to cyanide content), herbivory pressures, and drought stress. As clover habitats, the downtowns of cities may more closely resemble other far-flung cities than nearby rural areas.<ref name="Bender">{{cite journal |last1=Bender |first1=Eric |title=Urban evolution: How species adapt to survive in cities |journal=Knowable Magazine |publisher= Annual Reviews |date=21 March 2022 |doi=10.1146/knowable-031822-1 |doi-access=free |url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/living-world/2022/urban-evolution-species-adapt-survive-cities |access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="Santangelo">{{cite journal |display-authors=3 |last1=Santangelo |first1=James S. |last2=Ness |first2=Rob W. |last3=Cohan |first3=Beata |last4=Fitzpatrick |first4=Connor R. |last5=Innes |first5=Simon G. |last6=Koch |first6=Sophie |last7=Miles |first7=Lindsay S. |last8=Munim |first8=Samreen |last9=Peres-Neto |first9=Pedro R. |last10=Prashad |first10=Cindy |last11=Tong |first11=Alex T. |last12=Aguirre |first12=Windsor E. |last13=Akinwole |first13=Philips O. |last14=Alberti |first14=Marina |last15=Álvarez |first15=Jackie |last16=Anderson |first16=Jill T. |last17=Anderson |first17=Joseph J. |last18=Ando |first18=Yoshino |last19=Andrew |first19=Nigel R. |last20=Angeoletto |first20=Fabio |last21=Anstett |first21=Daniel N. |last22=Anstett |first22=Julia |last23=Aoki-Gonçalves |first23=Felipe |last24=Arietta |first24=A. Z. Andis |last25=Arroyo |first25=Mary T. K. |last26=Austen |first26=Emily J. |last27=Baena-Díaz |first27=Fernanda |last28=Barker |first28=Cory A. |last29=Baylis |first29=Howard A. |last30=Beliz |first30=Julia M. |last31=Benitez-Mora |first31=Alfonso |last32=Bickford |first32=David |last33=Biedebach |first33=Gabriela |last34=Blackburn |first34=Gwylim S. |last35=Boehm |first35=Mannfred M. 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J. |title=Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover |journal=Science |date=18 March 2022 |volume=375 |issue=6586 |pages=1275–1281 |doi=10.1126/science.abk0989 |pmid=35298255 |bibcode=2022Sci...375.1275S |hdl=10026.1/19203 |s2cid=247520798 |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0989 |access-date=1 April 2022 |issn=0036-8075|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Martin">{{cite journal |last1=Diamond |first1=Sarah E. |last2=Martin |first2=Ryan A. |title=Evolution in Cities |journal=Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics |date=2 November 2021 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=519–540 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012021-021402 |s2cid=239646134 |language=en |issn=1543-592X|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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