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Tunnelling shield
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==Lining== The tunnel lining is the wall of the tunnel. It usually consists of precast concrete segments which form rings. Cast iron linings were traditionally used in the [[London Underground]] tunnels, while steel liners were sometimes used elsewhere. The concept of using precast moulded lining sections is not new and was first patented in 1874 by [[James Henry Greathead]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}}
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