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Turnera diffusa
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== Misidentification in commerce == Viable plant and seed material sold as ''T. diffusa'' from both private and commercial sources largely turns out to be misidentified ''[[Turnera ulmifolia]]'' (a.k.a. "False Damiana"), a closely related species. This widespread issue has been noted by the scientific community, and has created much confusion among both amateur and professional horticulturists alike.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Joshi|first1=V.C.|last2=Rao|first2=A.S.|last3=Wang|first3=Y.H.|last4=Avula|first4=B.|last5=Khan|first5=I.A.|title=Taxonomic Clarification on Turnera diffusa Ward and its Demarcation from "False Damiana" using Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy, HPTLC and UPLC|journal=Planta Medica|date=March 2009|volume=75|issue=4|doi=10.1055/s-2009-1216454|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Damiana – Turnera diffusa, Turnera ulmifolia seed pictures|url=https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/14429711|website=shroomery.org|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> Mature stems of ''T. diffusa'' are woody, with small, grayed green leaves 13 to 16 mm long, 4.5 to 5.5 mm wide, obtuse at the apex, and strongly aromatic when crushed.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Meerow|first1=Alan W.|last2=Ayala-Silva|first2=Tomás|last3=Irish|first3=Brian M.|title=Turnera diffusa 'Luisa', a Drought-tolerant Small Shrub for Warm Climates|journal=HortScience|date=December 2010|volume=45|issue=12|pages=1895–1896|doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.45.12.1895|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''T. ulmifolia'' is differentiated by herbaceous stems, larger blue-green leaves that are strongly dentate with a pointed apex, and only weakly aromatic.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elm-leaved Turnera – Turnera ulmifolia|url=http://ntsavanna.com/elm-leaved-turnera-turnera-ulmifolia/|website=A Neotropical Savanna|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turnera Ulmifolia|url=http://www.comfsm.fm/~dleeling/botany/1998/vhp/martha02.html|website=College of Micronesia|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti|url=http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/pdfs/urban_hort/Woody%20and%20Herbaceous%20Plants%20Native%20to%20Haiti.pdf|website=University of Florida, Miami-Dade|access-date=7 September 2016}}</ref> One scientific study however, demonstrated this confusion being mostly associated with horticultural commerce, and does not extend appreciably to commercial herbal products, most of which exhibit constituents that can be definitively traced to ''T. diffusa''.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schäffer|first1=Marion|last2=Gröger|first2=Thomas|last3=Pütz|first3=Michael|last4=Zimmermann|first4=Ralf|title=Assessment of the presence of damiana in herbal blends of forensic interest based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography|journal=Forensic Toxicology|date=July 2013|volume=31|issue=2|pages=251–262|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257682071|access-date=7 September 2016|doi=10.1007/s11419-013-0186-5|s2cid=21030359}}</ref>
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