Editing Turoyo language (section)

==Alphabet==
Turoyo is written both in Latin and [[Syriac script|Syriac]] ([[Serto]]) characters. The orthography below was the outcome of the International Surayt Conference held at the University of Cambridge (27–30 August 2015).{{sfn|Talay|2017|p=}}<ref name="DYK">{{cite web | url=https://userblogs.fu-berlin.de/saop/didyouknow/ | title=Did you know |website=Surayt-Aramaic Online Project |publisher=Free University of Berlin}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center"
|+ Consonants
|-
!scope="row"| Latin letter 
| '
| B b
| V v
| G g
| Ġ ġ
| J j
| D d
| Ḏ ḏ
| H h
| W w
| Z z
| Ž ž
| Ḥ ḥ
| Ṭ ṭ
| Ḍ ḍ
| Y y
|-
!scope="row"| Syriac letter
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܐ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܒ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܒ݂}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܓ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܓ݂}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܔ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܕ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܕ݂}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܗ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܘ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܙ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܙ݅}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܚ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܛ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܜ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܝ}}
|-
!scope="row"| Pronunciation
| [{{IPA link|ʔ}}], ∅
| [{{IPA link|b}}]
| [{{IPA link|v}}]
| [{{IPA link|g}}]
| [{{IPA link|ɣ}}]
| [{{IPA link|dʒ}}]
| [{{IPA link|d}}]
| [{{IPA link|ð}}]
| [{{IPA link|h}}]
| [{{IPA link|w}}]
| [{{IPA link|z}}]
| [{{IPA link|ʒ}}]
| [{{IPA link|ħ}}]
| [{{IPA link|tˤ}}]
| [{{IPA link|dˤ}}]
| [{{IPA link|j}}]
|-
|colspan="17" style="background:#FFF;border-left:hidden;border-right:hidden;padding:2px"|
|-
!scope="row"| Latin letter 
| K k
| X x
| L l
| M m
| N n
| S s
| C c
| P p
| F f
| Ṣ ṣ
| Q q
| R r
| Š š
| Č č
| T t
| Ṯ ṯ
|-
!scope="row"| Syriac letter
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܟ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܟ݂}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܠ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܡ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܢ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܣ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܥ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܦ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܦ݂}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܨ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܩ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܪ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܫ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܫ݂}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܬ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܬ݂}}
|-
!scope="row"| Pronunciation
| [{{IPA link|k}}]
| [{{IPA link|x}}]
| [{{IPA link|l}}]
| [{{IPA link|m}}]
| [{{IPA link|n}}]
| [{{IPA link|s}}]
| [{{IPA link|ʕ}}]
| [{{IPA link|p}}]
| [{{IPA link|f}}]
| [{{IPA link|sˤ}}]
| [{{IPA link|q}}]
| [{{IPA link|r}}]
| [{{IPA link|ʃ}}]
| [{{IPA link|tʃ}}]
| [{{IPA link|t}}]
| [{{IPA link|θ}}]
|}

{|class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center"
|+ Vowels
|-
!scope="row"|Latin letter 
| A a
| Ä ä
| E e
| Ë ë
| O o
|rowspan="3" style="background:#FFF;border-top:hidden;border-bottom:hidden;padding:2px"|
| Y/I y/i
| W/U w/u
|-
!scope="row"| Syriac vowel mark <br />(or ''[[mater lectionis]]'')
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܰ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܱ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܶ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܷ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܳ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܝ}}
|style="font-size:150%"| {{Script/Serto|ܘ}}
|-
!scope="row"|Pronunciation
| [{{IPA link|a}}]
| [{{IPA link|a|ă}}]
| [{{IPA link|e}}]
| [{{IPA link|ə}}]
| [{{IPA link|o}}]
| [{{IPA link|j}}]/[{{IPA link|i}}]
| [{{IPA link|w}}]/[{{IPA link|u}}]
|}

Attempts to write down Turoyo have begun since the 16th century, with Jewish Neo-Aramaic adaptions and translations of Biblical texts, commentaries, as well as hagiographic stories, books, and folktales in Christian dialects. The East Syriac Bishop Mar Yohannan working with American missionary Rev. Justin Perkins also tried to write the vernacular version of religious texts, culminating in the production of school-cards in 1836.{{sfn|Tomal|2015|p=29-52}}

In 1970s Germany, members of the Aramean evangelical movement (''Aramäische Freie Christengemeinde'') used Turoyo to write short texts and songs.<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Talay |first1=Shabo |title=Alice in a World of Wonderlands: The Translations of Lewis Carroll's Masterpiece |date=2015 |publisher=Oak Knoll |location=New Castle, DE |isbn=9781584563310 |chapter=Turoyo, the Aramaic language of Turabdin and the translation of Alice |editor1-first=Jon A. |editor1-last=Lindseth |editor2-first=Alan |editor2-last=Tannenbaum |volume=I: Essays}}</ref> The Syriac evangelical movement has also published over 300 Turoyo hymns in a compedium named ''Kole Ruhonoye'' in 2012, as well as translating the four gospels with Mark and John being published so far.<ref name=":2" />

The alphabet as used in a forthcoming translation of ''New Peshitta in Turoyo'' by Yuhanun Bar Shabo, ''Sfar mele surtoṯoyo – Picture dictionary'' and Benjamin Bar Shabo's ''[[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]''.

In the 1970s, educator Yusuf Ishaq attempted to systematically incorporate the Turoyo language into a Latin orthography, which resulted in a series of reading books, entitled [toxu qorena].{{sfn|Weaver|Kiraz|2016|p=19-36}} Although this system is not used outside of Sweden, other Turoyo speakers have developed their own non-standardized Latin script to use the language on digital platforms.

The Swedish government's "mother-tongue education" project treated Turoyo as an immigrant language, like Arabic, Turkish, Kurdish, and began to teach the language in schools.<ref name=":2" /> The staff of the National Swedish Institute for Teaching Material produced a Latin letter-based alphabet, grammar, dictionary, school books, and instructional material. Due to religious and political objections, the project was halted.<ref name=":2" />

There are other efforts to translate famous works of literature, including The Aramaic Students Association's translation of ''The Little Prince'', the Nisbin Foundation's translation of ''Cinderella'' and ''Little Red Riding Hood.''<ref name=":2" />[[File:Iliana speaking Turoyo.webm|thumb|Iliana speaking Turoyo language|277x277px]]