Editing Ultranationalism (section)

=== Currently represented in national governments or legislatures ===
Many [[political parties]] have been described as ultranationalist.
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*'''{{flag|Afghanistan}}''': [[Taliban]]<ref>{{cite book|publisher=Verso|year=2020|first=Conor|last=Foley|title=The Thin Blue Line|quote=A key part of the Taliban's ideology was based on Pashtun ultra-nationalism}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Armenia}}''': [[Republican Party of Armenia]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Armenian Nationalism and the Struggle against Intolerance|first=Yelena|last=Osipova|quote=The Republican Party has openly adopted this ideology, the core concept of which is ethnocentric racism and ultranationalism, along with an unquestioning allegiance to the Armenian Church.|journal=Scholar Forum|issue=15|date=1 September 2012|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/uploads/314fb736-6f2d-4dab-a188-a9dbfe9dcdd1/scholarforum-15-20130514.pdf|page=5}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Australia}}''': [[Pauline Hanson's One Nation]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Anti-Muslim hate speech and displacement narratives: Case studies from Sri Lanka and Australia|last=Stewart|first=James|journal=Australian Journal of Social Issues|date=2 November 2019|volume=54|issue=4|pages=418–435|doi=10.1002/ajs4.83|s2cid=211418443}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Austria}}''': [[Freedom Party of Austria]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-01-14 |title=South Tyrol – a distorting mirror for Vienna, Rome and liberal London |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/south-tyrol-distorting-mirror-for-vienna-rome-and-liberal-lond/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-13 |title=Even Austria's far right wants to demolish Hitler's birthplace |url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/weird-news/2016/09/13/even-austria-s-far-right/24189754007/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Columbus Dispatch |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jarausch |first=Konrad Hugo |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/954000237 |title=Out of ashes : a new history of Europe in the twentieth century |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-4008-8347-9 |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=742 |oclc=954000237}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Belgium}}''': [[Vlaams Belang]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Elman |first=R. Amy |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/897814752 |title=The European Union, antisemitism, and the politics of denial |date=2015 |isbn=978-0-8032-6693-3 |location=Lincoln |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |pages=120 |oclc=897814752}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fotheringham |first=Alasdair |date=2021-02-03 |title=In the pandemic, are Europeans more attracted to the far right? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/2/3/far-right-europe-pandemic |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Bulgaria}}''': [[Revival (Bulgarian political party)|Revival]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-22 |title=Europe, Central Asia Face Spike In Infections As WHO Warns Of Omicron 'Tidal Wave' |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/bulgaria-covid-omicron-record/31650413.html |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=November 2021 |title=Bulgaria: A heterogeneous coalition in the making |url=https://www.unicreditbulbank.bg/media/filer_public/af/1d/af1d10e0-03e0-4dc6-9d3b-ce7777a8b3dc/emergingmarkets_docs_2021_181696.pdf |journal=UniCredit Research |pages=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Weary of promises, Bulgarians protest against COVID curbs, inflation |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/reuters/weary-of-promises--bulgarians-protest-against-covid-curbs--inflation/47372690 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302140002/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/reuters/weary-of-promises--bulgarians-protest-against-covid-curbs--inflation/47372690 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Chile}}''': [[Republican Party (Chile, 2019)|Republican Party]]<ref>{{cite web|work=Euronews|title=Partido oposto a reforma conduzirá processo de revisão constitucional|quote=Ultranacionalistas do Partido Republicano venceram eleições deste domingo no Chile|date=8 May 2023|url=https://pt.euronews.com/2023/05/08/partido-oposto-a-reforma-conduzira-processo-de-revisao-constitucional}}</ref>  
*'''{{flag|Croatia}}''': [[Homeland Movement (Croatia)|Homeland Movement]]<ref>{{Cite book |title=Elections in Croatia: 2020 Parliamentary Elections |publisher=International Foundation for Electoral Systems |date=July 2020 |location=Arlington, Virginia |pages=3}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Cyprus}}''': [[ELAM (Cyprus)|ELAM]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1096219393 |title=Journalism and ethics : breakthroughs in research and practice |date=2019 |publisher=IGI Global |editor=Information Resources Management Association |isbn=978-1-5225-8360-8 |location=Hershey, Pennsylvania |pages=585 |oclc=1096219393}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1043865663 |title=Cyprus and the roadmap for peace : a critical interrogation of the conflict |date=2018 |editor1=Michális S. Michael |editor2=Yücel Vural |isbn=978-1-78643-049-6 |location=Cheltenham |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |pages=87 |oclc=1043865663}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Czech Republic}}''': [[Freedom and Direct Democracy]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Czech MP who compared Muslim immigrants to "invasive species" will not be stripped of immunity from prosecution |url=http://www.romea.cz/en/news/czech/czech-mp-who-compared-muslim-immigrants-to-invasive-species-will-not-be-stripped-of-immunity-from-prosecution |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=romea.cz|date=3 June 2020 }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Denmark}}''': [[Danish People's Party]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48233321 |title=Freedom in the world : the annual survey of political rights & civil liberties, 2000-2001 |date=2001 |publisher=Transaction Pub |author=Adrian Karatnycky, Freedom House Survey Team |isbn=0-7658-0101-9 |location=Piscataway, N.J. |pages=171 |oclc=48233321}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=Martin A. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858861623 |title=The beast reawakens |date=2013 |isbn=978-1-135-28124-3 |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |pages=46 |oclc=858861623}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52312447 |title=Racial and ethnic economic inequality : an international perspective |date=2006 |publisher=Lang |author1=Samuel L. Myers |author2=Bruce P. Corrie |isbn=0-8204-5656-X |location=New York |pages=205 |oclc=52312447}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Estonia}}''': [[Conservative People's Party of Estonia]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=In Liberal Estonia, Right-Wing Populists Are Making Their Mark|url=https://freedomhouse.org/article/liberal-estonia-right-wing-populists-are-making-their-mark|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Freedom House|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title="The East-Europeanization of Estonian Politics" {{!}} Baltic Rim Economies|url=https://sites.utu.fi/bre/the-east-europeanization-of-estonian-politics/|access-date=2021-09-10|website=sites.utu.fi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-31|title=Europe's far right has stalled|url=https://www.afr.com/world/europe/europes-far-right-has-stalled-20200101-p53nzr|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Australian Financial Review|language=en}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|France}}''': [[National Rally]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Erlanger|first1=Steven|last2=de Freytas-Tamura|first2=Kimiko|title=E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/world/europe/european-union-france-frexit-marine-le-pen.html|newspaper=New York Times|date=17 December 2016|accessdate=28 February 2017}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Finland}}''': [[Finns Party]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Morden |first=Tony |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/847526846 |title=Equality, diversity and opportunity management : costs, strategies and leadership |date=2013 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-4094-3279-1 |location=Farnham, Surrey |oclc=847526846}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Georgia}}''': [[People's Power (Georgia)|People's Power]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Eunews.it|title=Georgia: Mikheil Kavelashvili has been elected president|date=16 December 2024|url=https://www.eunews.it/en/2024/12/16/georgia-mikheil-kavelashvili-has-been-elected-president/|quote=candidate of the ultranationalist Power of the People party}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Germany}}''': [[Alternative for Germany]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/|title=The 1619 Project and the far-right fear of history|quote=A leader of Germany's ultranationalist AfD party in 2017 bemoaned how the country's focus on atoning ...|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=20 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/frankenstein-pact-puts-afd-in-coalition-rcs0bp2lw|title=Frankenstein pact puts AfD in coalition|quote=A married couple have run into trouble for forging the first local pact between Angela Merkel's party and the ultranationalist Alternative for Germany (AfD) in defiance of the chancellor.|work=[[The Times]]|date=23 July 2019|last1=Berlin|first1=Oliver Moody}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Greece}}''': [[Spartans (Greek political party)|Spartans]],<ref>{{cite news|quote=a previously little-known ultranationalist group called the Spartans|work=Vice News|title=The Far-Right Just Made a Shock Comeback in Greece|date=27 June 2023|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/greece-spartans-golden-dawn/}}</ref> [[Greek Solution]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/07/greeks-choose-between-beach-and-ballot-in-first-post-debt-bailout-poll|title=Greek elections: landslide victory for centre-right New Democracy party|quote=Smaller parties, such as the ultra-nationalist Greek Solution and leftist MeRA25, headed by Yanis Varoufakis, the former finance minister, were targeting younger Greeks.|work=The Guardian|date=7 July 2019}}</ref> [[Victory (Greek political party)|Victory]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Deutsche Welle|title=Germany's AfD reflects Europe's shift to the right|date=26 June 2023|quote=the ultranationalist and ultrareligious Niki (Victory)|url=https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-afd-reflects-europes-shift-to-the-right/a-66039658}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Hungary}}''': [[Our Homeland Movement]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://hungarytoday.hu/horthy-commemoration-revives-political-debate-over-his-regentship/ | title=Horthy Commemoration Revives Political Debate over His Regentship | date=18 November 2019 | access-date=3 June 2022 | archive-date=19 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119031633/https://hungarytoday.hu/horthy-commemoration-revives-political-debate-over-his-regentship/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|India}}''': [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena]]<ref>{{cite web |date=8 March 2012 |first=Mark |last=Magnier |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/la-xpm-2012-mar-08-la-fg-india-temple-20120309-story.html |title=In India, battle continues over Hindu temple's riches - latimes |access-date=2015-12-02}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Israel}}''': [[Otzma Yehudit]],<ref>{{cite news|work=Axios|title=U.S. slams Israeli ultranationalist lawmaker's remarks at Kahane memorial|date=11 November 2022|url=https://www.axios.com/2022/11/11/ultranationalist-ben-gvir-meir-kahane-israel-price}}</ref> [[Mafdal–Religious Zionism]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Jewish Chronicle|url=https://www.thejc.com/news/smotrich-and-ben-gvir-threaten-to-topple-coalition-if-netanyahu-backs-hostage-ceasefire-deal-xvo30afb|quote=The heads of the two ultranationalist parties, Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich of Religious Zionism|title=Smotrich and Ben-Gvir threaten to topple coalition if Netanyahu backs hostage-ceasefire deal|date=2 June 2024}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Italy}}''': [[Brothers of Italy]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-08-21 |title=Political turmoil in Italy as far-right reaches for the reins |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2019/0821/Political-turmoil-in-Italy-as-far-right-reaches-for-the-reins |access-date=2022-03-02 |issn=0882-7729}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-02 |title=In Italy, sighs of relief as Mattarella stays put |url=https://euobserver.com/democracy/154256 |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=EUobserver |language=en}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Japan}}''': [[Conservative Party of Japan]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Defeated in the polls, Ishiba seeks path to minority government |quote=for the first time the Conservative Party of Japan, an ultranationalist force that is openly xenophobic and prone to revisionist rhetoric on the country's history, will enter the Japanese parliament with three seats. |url=https://www.asianews.it/news-en/Defeated-in-the-polls%2C-Ishiba-seeks-path-to-minority-government-61797.html#google_vignette |agency=AsiaNews |date=2024-10-28 |access-date=2024-11-08}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Latvia}}''': [[National Alliance (Latvia)|National Alliance]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Handbook of the World 2012|publisher=SAGE|year=2012|page=815}}</ref>
* '''{{flag|Myanmar}}''': [[Union Solidarity and Development Party]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/far-right-buddhist-nationalist-candidates-among-biggest-losers-in-2020-election|title=Far-right Buddhist nationalist candidates among biggest losers in 2020 election |author=Khin Moh Moh Lwin and Myo Set Pai|date=20 November 2020|agency=Myanmar Now|access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report|last=Internal Crisis Group|date=5 September 2017|title=Buddhism and State Power in Myanmar |url=https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-east-asia/myanmar/290-buddhism-and-state-power-myanmar}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Namibia}}''': [[Namibian Economic Freedom Fighters]]<ref name="sun_eff">{{cite web|url=http://www.namibiansun.com/politics/local-party-apes-malemas-eff.67539|title=Local party apes Malema's EFF|work=Namibian Sun|date=24 June 2014|access-date=13 October 2014|archive-date=2 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702012853/http://www.namibiansun.com/politics/local-party-apes-malemas-eff.67539|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Netherlands}}''': [[Party for Freedom]],<ref>{{cite news|work=Euronews|title=Netherlands requests opt-out clause from EU asylum rules, a bold move with low chances of success|date=18 September 2024|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/09/18/netherlands-requests-opt-out-clause-from-eu-asylum-rules-a-bold-move-with-low-chances-of-s|quote=Faber belongs to the Party for Freedom (PVV), the far-right, ultra-nationalist party led by Geert Wilders}}</ref> [[Forum for Democracy]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Leidsch Dagblad|title=Promoting internship at Forum for Democracy causes a stir at Leiden University: 'Too weird for words'|date=1 November 2022|url=https://www.leidschdagblad.nl/cnt/dmf20221101_68608230|quote=De ideologie is ultraconservatief, ultranationalistisch}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|North Korea}}''': [[Workers' Party of Korea]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cheong |first1=Seong-Chang |year=2000 |title=Stalinism and Kimilsungism: A Comparative Analysis of Ideology and Power |journal=Asian Perspective |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=133–161 |doi=10.1353/apr.2000.0039 |url=http://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/240105-Cheong.pdf |access-date=15 March 2014 |archive-date=17 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017044810/http://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/240105-Cheong.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Palestine}}''': [[Hamas]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Comparison Between Hamas and Likud Disingenuous|date=10 February 2006|work=The Harvard Crimson|quote=Hamas combines ultra-nationalism with fundamentalist Islamism.|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/2/10/comparison-between-hamas-and-likud-disingenuous/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Perspectives on the Past and Future of Israel and Palestine Conflict|date=29 December 2023|work=Quest Journals|quote=The ideologies of Fatah and Hamas are completely different. Hamas supports extreme nationalism.|url=https://www.questjournals.org/jrhss/papers/vol11-issue12/1112180185.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Hijacking of Democracy in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict|work=Palestine–Israel Journal|quote=Hamas, a radical nationalist-religious party|url=https://www.pij.org/articles/2272/the-hijacking-of-democracy-in-the-israelipalestinian-conflict}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Amid Israel-Hamas War, Revisit 'Shattered Dreams of Peace'|date=20 October 2023|work=PBS|quote=radical nationalist factions among both Jews and Palestinians — groups, including Hamas, that opposed all compromise between the two peoples.|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/israel-hamas-war-gaza-shattered-dreams-of-peace-documentary/}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Poland}}''': [[Confederation Liberty and Independence]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Poland election race too close to call as voters prepare to go to polls|date=14 October 2023|work=The Guardian|quote=Ultranationalist Confederation party candidate Sławomir Mentzen|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/14/poland-election-race-too-close-to-call-as-voters-prepare-to-go-to-poll}}</ref> ([[National Movement (Poland)|National Movement]]),<ref>{{Cite news|work=[[The Algemeiner]]|title=Polish Interior Minister Issues Last-Minute Ban on Neo-Fascist Show of Force Outside Israeli Embassy in Warsaw|date=31 January 2018|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2018/01/31/polish-interior-minister-issues-last-minute-ban-on-neo-fascist-show-of-force-outside-israeli-embassy-in-warsaw/}}</ref> [[Confederation of the Polish Crown]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Times of Israel|title=Ukraine features prominently as far-right Poles stage Independence Day march
|date=12 November 2022|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraine-features-prominently-as-far-right-poles-stage-independence-day-march/|quote=Some activists from a small ultra-nationalist party, the Confederation of the Polish Crown}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Portugal}}''': [[Chega (political party)|Chega]]<ref>{{cite news|work=SBS|title=Maioria no parlamento português reprova protesto de partido ultranacionalista durante discurso de Lula|date=26 April 2023|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/language/portuguese/pt/podcast-episode/maioria-no-parlamento-portugues-reprova-protesto-de-partido-ultranacionalista-durante-discurso-de-lula/fjdn85idp|quote=the ultranationalist Chega party}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Romania}}''': [[Alliance for the Union of Romanians]],<ref name="ftd14">{{cite news |title=Far-right party changes political landscape in Romania |url=https://www.ft.com/content/040ab76c-cbef-4f2d-9b88-9f2d9ae7acfd |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/040ab76c-cbef-4f2d-9b88-9f2d9ae7acfd |archive-date=2022-12-10 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=14 December 2020|last1=Hopkins |first1=Valerie }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://transylvanianow.com/record-low-turnout-brings-extremist-party-into-romanias-parliament/|title=Record low turnout brings extremist party into Romania's Parliament|date=7 December 2020|publisher=Transylvania Now|website=transylvanianow.com}}</ref> [[S.O.S. Romania]],<ref>{{cite news|work=Reuters|title=Romania's top court says it barred presidential candidate over pro-Russian views|date=8 October 2024|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/romanias-top-court-says-it-barred-candidate-presidential-race-over-pro-russian-2024-10-08/}}</ref> [[Party of Young People]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Devdiscourse|title=Romania's Political Landscape: Social Democrats Take the Lead|date=2 December 2024|url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/politics/3177959-romanias-political-landscape-social-democrats-take-the-lead}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Russia}}''': [[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130221/179612948/Ultranationalists-Move-to-Slap-Fines-on-Use-of-Foreign-Words.html|title=Ultranationalists Move to Slap Fines on Use of Foreign Words|date=21 February 2013}}</ref> [[Rodina (political party)|Rodina]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Van Herpen|first=Marcel H.|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|title=Putin's Propaganda Machine: Soft Power and Russian Foreign Policy|page=34|year=2015}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Serbia}}''': [[Serbian Party Oathkeepers]]<ref name="ultranationalism">{{cite web |date=March 12, 2018 |title=Serbian Ultranationalists Making Mark Despite Failure At The Ballot Box |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/serbia-zavetnici-oath-keepers-ultranationalism-russia-lavrov/29094995.html |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|RFE/RL]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 March 2020 |title=Digitalni šovinizam na Fejsbuku: Dani srpskih nacionalističkih mrmota |url=https://voice.org.rs/digitalni-sovinizam-na-fejsbuku-dani-srpskih-nacionalistickih-mrmota/ |website=voice.org.rs |publisher=VOICE |language=Serbian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=Balkan Insight|quote=As expected, Milica Djurdjevic Stamenkovski, the leader of far-right party Zavetnici (Oathkeepers), which did not make it into parliament in December’s elections, was given a post in the government, leading the Ministry for Demography and Family Care.|date=30 April 2024|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2024/04/30/serbia-names-us-sanctioned-pro-russian-politicians-as-ministers/|title=Serbia Names US-Sanctioned, Pro-Russian Politicians as Ministers}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|South Africa}}''': [[Economic Freedom Fighters]], [[uMkhonto weSizwe (political party)|uMkhonto weSizwe]]<ref>[http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/730.1 The Turn of the Fascist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412152256/http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/730.1 |date=12 April 2015 }}, Jane Duncan, ''SACSIS'' (2011).</ref><ref>Imraan Baccus,[http://www.citypress.co.za/columnists/is-fascism-rearing-its-ugly-head-in-sa "Is fascism rearing its ugly head in SA?"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006170505/http://www.citypress.co.za/columnists/is-fascism-rearing-its-ugly-head-in-sa/ |date=6 October 2013 }}, ''City Press'' (2013).</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Buccus |first1=Imraan |title=Reevaluating the EFF and MK: Authoritarian nationalism versus leftism |url=https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/2024-06-19-reevaluating-the-eff-and-mk-authoritarian-nationalism-versus-leftism/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |work=The Mail & Guardian |date=19 June 2024 |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times-daily/politics/2024-01-14-jacob-zuma-campaigns-on-ticket-using-race-land-same-sex-laws-as-flashpoints/|title=Jacob Zuma campaigns on ticket using race, land, same-sex laws as flashpoints|website=TimesLIVE}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Slovakia}}''': [[Slovak National Party]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/buitenland/artikel/5410660/verkiezingen-slowakije-robert-fico-rusland-lhbti | title=Pro-Russische oud-premier Robert Fico wint verkiezingen Slowakije | date=October 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title= Eastern Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century|last=Jeffries |first= Ian|year= 2002|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415236713 |page= [https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeatt00jeff/page/n366 352]|url=https://archive.org/details/easterneuropeatt00jeff|url-access= limited|quote=Slovak National Party: led by Jan Slota. Extreme nationalist}}</ref><ref name=Ramet>{{Cite book|title= Whose democracy?: nationalism, religion, and the doctrine of collective rights in post-1989 Eastern Europe|last=P. Ramet|first=Sabrina |year=1997 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn= 9780847683246|page= 128|quote=...Meciar established his 1994 coalition government with the extreme-nacionalist Slovak National Party (SNS), led by Ján Slota, mayor of Zilina...}}</ref><ref name=IHT>{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2006/09/07/europe/EU_GEN_EU_Slovakia.php |title=International Herald Tribune's article about Hungarian-Slovak relations |work=International Herald Tribune |date=29 March 2009 |access-date=10 January 2011}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Spain}}''': [[Vox (political party)|Vox]]<ref name=acha20190106>{{Cite journal|first=Beatriz|last=Acha|title=No, no es un partido (neo)fascista|date=6 January 2019|journal=Agenda Pública|url=http://agendapublica.elpais.com/no-no-es-un-partido-neofascista/|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=11 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711235730/http://agendapublica.elpais.com/no-no-es-un-partido-neofascista/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=mellon>{{Cite journal|journal=Agenda Pública|url=http://agendapublica.elpais.com/vox-del-nacional-catolicismo-al-ultranacionalismo-neoliberal/|title=Vox. Del nacional-catolicismo al ultranacionalismo neoliberal|first=Joan|last=Antón-Mellón|date=29 April 2019}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Sweden}}''': [[Sweden Democrats]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hällhag |first=Roger |title=New Sweden: Crushing or Confirming a Social Democratic Model? |publisher=Friedrich Ebert Foundation |date=April 2007 |location=Bonn |pages=6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1052796925 |title=Relativism and post-truth in contemporary society : possibilities and challenges |date=2018 |editor1=Mikael Stenmark |editor2=Steve Fuller |editor3=Ulf Zackariasson |isbn=978-3-319-96559-8 |location=Cham, Switzerland |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |pages=169 |oclc=1052796925}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gardell |first=Mattias |date=2014 |title=Crusader Dreams: Oslo 22/7, Islamophobia, and the Quest for a Monocultural Europe |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09546553.2014.849930 |journal=Terrorism and Political Violence |language=en |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=130 |doi=10.1080/09546553.2014.849930 |s2cid=144489939 |issn=0954-6553|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Switzerland}}''': [[Swiss People's Party]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Shakespeare and Contemporary Fiction: Theorizing Foundling and Lyric Plots|last=Estrin|first=Barbara L.|page=17|isbn=978-1611493702|date=2012|publisher=Lexington Books }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Thailand}}''': [[Palang Pracharath Party]],<ref>{{cite web|date=19 September 2023|title=Establishment Wins, People Lose in Thai Political Compromise|work=Focus on the Global South|quote=The Palang Pracharath Party was formed in 2018 as a civil-military and ultra-nationalist party|url= https://focusweb.org/establishment-wins-people-lose-in-thai-political-compromise/}}</ref> [[United Thai Nation Party]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Inkl|title=Thai army needs to march to a new tune|date=12 May 2023|url=https://www.inkl.com/news/thai-army-needs-to-march-to-a-new-tune}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Turkey}}''': [[Nationalist Movement Party]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Arman, Murat Necip|title=The Sources Of Banality In Transforming Turkish Nationalism|journal= CEU Political Science Journal| issue=2|date= 2007 |pages= 133–151}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference|author=Eissenstat, Howard. |title=Anatolianism: The History of a Failed Metaphor of Turkish Nationalism|conference=Middle East Studies Association Conference|location=Washington, D.C.|date= November 2002}}</ref> 
*'''{{flag|Ukraine}}''': [[Svoboda (political party)|Svoboda]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20824693 |title=Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists |work=BBC |date=25 December 2012 |access-date=1 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Black |first1=J. L. |last2=Johns |first2=Michael |last3=Theriault |first3=Alanda |title=The new world disorder: challenges and threats in an uncertain world |date=2019 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=9781498576376 |page=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lBKSDwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Hahn |first1=Gordon M. |title=Ukraine over the edge: Russia, the West and the "new Cold War" |date=2018 |publisher=McFarland |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |isbn=9781476628752 |page=191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VCpADwAAQBAJ}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
Several political parties have been described as having ultranationalist factions.

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
*'''{{flag|Argentina}}''': [[La Libertad Avanza]]<ref>{{cite news|work=Europa Press|title=Vox felicita a Milei por el resultado en las elecciones de Argentina y le traslada su "apoyo" para la segunda vuelta|date=23 October 2023|url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-vox-felicita-milei-resultado-elecciones-argentina-le-traslada-apoyo-segunda-vuelta-20231023140722.html|quote=El ultranacionalista Milei, candidato de La Libertad Avanza}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|work=El Confidencial|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/mundo/2023-10-22/elecciones-argentina-2023-hoy-directo-milei_3759114/|title=Resultados elecciones en Argentina 2023: quién ha ganado el escrutinio y última hora de Sergio Massa y Javier Milei|date=23 October 2023|quote=Milei, representante de La Libertad Avanza y conocido por su enfoque ultranacionalista}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Brazil}}''': [[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Liberal Party]]<ref>{{cite book|year=2022|publisher=Taylor & Francis|first=Julie|last=Cupples|title=Development and Decolonization in Latin America|quote=election of right-wing ultranationalist populist, Jair Bolsonaro}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|China}}''': [[Chinese Communist Party]]<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=ThinkChina|title=Class struggle and extreme nationalism have become CCP's ideological weapons |date=10 August 2022|url=https://www.thinkchina.sg/politics/class-struggle-and-extreme-nationalism-have-become-ccps-ideological-weapons}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Diplomat|title=The Great Translation Movement Shines a Spotlight on China's Propaganda |quote=With this “name and shame” tactic, the movement also became a tool to fight against extreme nationalism in China and the government’s propaganda efforts to promote those messages. |date=April 5, 2022 |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/the-great-translation-movement-shines-a-spotlight-on-chinas-propaganda/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3IzDwAAQBAJ&q=%22ultranationalism%22+CCP |title=History and Nationalist Legitimacy in Contemporary China: A Double-Edged Sword |author1=Robert Weatherley |author2=Qiang Zhang |quote=... ultranationalism of the Chinese public is exclusively attributable to the farreaching propaganda campaigns implemented by the CCP since the early 1990s which serve as constant reminders of the Century of Humiliation. |date=August 30, 2017 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan UK]] |pages=2 |isbn=978-1-137-47947-1 }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Hungary}}''': [[Fidesz]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=the rightward shift of Fidesz is noticeable by their growing co-optation of ultranationalist narratives|title=Transforming the Transformation?|year=2015|first=Michael|last=Minkenberg|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=126}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2021|title=Contending with Antisemitism in a Rapidly Changing Political Climate|quote=With its ultranationalist policy, Orban's Fidesz party managed to take over the positions of the far-right Jobbik party|page=255|first=Alvin|last=Rosenfeld}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|India}}''': [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref>{{cite book|title=India's Political Parties|page=19|quote=The other major national party of today, the Bharatiya Janata Party, does not quite fit the religious fundamentalist, the ethnicity-based or the fascist/ultra nationalist categories although it shares, to a large degree, elements of all three|first=Peter Ronald|last=deSouza|year=2006|publisher=SAGE}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''': [[Gerindra]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Reformasi Reloaded? Implications of Indonesia's 2014 Elections|date=9 September 2014|quote=Prabowo’s coalition consisted of his own ultra nationalist Gerindra|url=https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/183386|work=Center for Security Studies|access-date=8 June 2023|archive-date=12 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712101212/https://css.ethz.ch/en/services/digital-library/articles/article.html/183386|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Italy}}''': [[Lega (political party)|Lega]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=it has maintained connections with anti-EU, ultranationalist radical elements of ... Lega Nord|title=Subversion: The Strategic Weaponization of Narratives|year=2023|first=Andreas|last=Krieg|publisher=Georgetown University Press}}</ref> 
*'''{{flag|Japan}}''': [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eurasiareview.com/16072019-beautiful-harmony-political-project-behind-japans-new-era-name-analysis/|title=Beautiful Harmony: Political Project Behind Japan's New Era Name – Analysis|quote=The shifting dynamics around the new era name (gengō 元号) offers an opportunity to understand how the domestic politics of the LDP's project of ultranationalism is shaping a new Japan and a new form of nationalism.|date=16 July 2019|work=eurasia review}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-first=Frenchy |editor-last=Lunning |title=Mechademia 4: War/Time |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uy90DwAAQBAJ&dq=ultranationalist+Liberal+Democratic+Party+Japan&pg=PA291 |quote= The overturning of the cab driver's 1998 sentiment in Akamatsu's 2007 piece had its political correlative in the victory of the ultranationalist wing of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) when Abe Shinzō became Japan's prime minister in ... |date=2013 |page=291 |publisher=[[U of Minnesota Press]]|isbn=9781452942650 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/why-steve-bannon-admires-japan/|title=Why Steve Bannon Admires Japan|quote=In Japan, populist and extreme right-wing nationalism has found a home within the political establishment.|work=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=22 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Maki Kimura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SjvvCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT29 |title=Unfolding the 'Comfort Women' Debates: Modernity, Violence, Women's Voices |quote=... a gradual drift towards more nationalistic attitudes to education and politics in general in contemporary Japanese society may party be explained by the effect of ultranationalist politicians in the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137392510 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Masanori Nakamura |title=The Japanese Monarchy: Ambassador Joseph Grew and the Making of the "Symbol Emperor System," 1931-1991 |quote=On July 31, a group of ultranationalist LDP Diet men, alarmed by Nakasone's diplomacy of "submission to foreign pressure" on issues like textbook revision and the Yasukuni Shrine problem, formed the "Association of Those Concerned ... |date=2016 |page=1992 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=9781563241093 }}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Poland}}''': [[Law and Justice]]<ref>{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Minkenberg|year=2023|publisher=Manchester University Press|title=Depleting Democracies|quote=PiS adopted LPR's identity politics both regarding minorities and the ultranationalist interpretation of Polish history and continued its ideological trajectory}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Banu|last=Baybars Hawks|page=43|year=2018|quote=In Poland, the ultranationalist Law and Justice Party (PiS) has significantly increased its vote share|title=Non-state actors in conflicts}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|Russia}}''': [[United Russia]]<ref name="Putinism">{{cite book |editor=Sabri Kiçmari |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=fpegEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59 |title=History Continues: Three Models of the Continuation of History |quote=Putinism is not consistent as an ideology and political system. Public political attitudes have changed according to the circumstances. From a kind of cautious system to an open society, Putinism has moved significantly in the direction of the authoritarian system. His political party United Russia started as the conservative party of the former communists has moved towards ultranationalist and neo-imperialist ideology (Van Herpen 2013: 7). Van Harpen even qualifies Putinism as an unstable system of a slight variant of fascism-fascism lite. According to him, this system combines elements of proto-fascism, fascism and post-fascism, with a nucleus of ultra-nationalism, militarism and neo-imperialism (Van Herpen 2013: 8). |date=2022 |page=59 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=9789811984020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor=Chuck Stewart |title=The Greenwood Encyclopedia of LGBT Issues Worldwide |quote=In particular, Putin's efforts are attributed to the burgeoning growth of Russian ultranationalist sociopolitical organizations, such as United Russia (Yedinaya Rossiya) and Ours (Nashi, or Youth Movement - Ours!). |date=2010 |page=360 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313342356 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}