Editing Use of Sarum (section)

==Modern period==
===English Reformation===
Even after the [[Church of England]] was established separate from the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]], the [[Canterbury Convocation]] declared in 1543 that the Sarum [[Breviary]] would be used for the [[canonical hours]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Owain Tudor |date=1989 |title=How many Sarum antiphonals were there in England and Wales in the middle of the sixteenth century? |journal=Revue Bénédictine |volume=99 |issue=1–2 |pages=155–180 |doi=10.1484/J.RB.4.01418 |issn=0035-0893}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://anglicanhistory.org/essays/wright/sarum.pdf | title=The Sarum use | access-date=2024-01-19 | first=J. Robert| last=Wright}}</ref> Under [[Edward VI of England]], the use provided the foundational material for the ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'' and remains influential in English liturgies.<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Krick-Pridgeon |first=Katherine |title='Nothing for the godly to fear': Use of Sarum Influence on the 1549 Book of Common Prayer |date=2018 |degree=Doctoral |publisher=Durham University |url=http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12868/}}</ref> [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] restored the Use of Sarum in 1553, but it fell out of use under [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]. New priests arriving from Douai were trained in the new Tridentine Use (of the ''[[Missale Romanum]]''), so the Use of Sarum, and its fasting requirements, waned by the end of the century.<ref name="Joseph"/>{{rp|145 ''et seq''.}}

Sarum Use remains a permitted use for Roman Catholics, as [[Pope Pius V]] permitted the continuation of uses more than two hundred years old under the [[Apostolic Constitution]] ''[[Quo primum]]''.<ref name="Joseph">{{Cite thesis |last=Joseph |first=James R. |title=Sarum Use and Disuse: A Study in Social and Liturgical History |date=2016 |publisher=University of Dayton |url=http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1470048407 |language=en}}</ref> In practice, a brief resurgence of interest in the 19th century did not lead to a revival.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cheung Salisbury |first=Matthew |title=Understanding medieval liturgy : essays in interpretation |isbn=978-1-134-79760-8  |chapter=Rethinking the uses of Sarum and York: a historiographical essay |date=15 May 2017 |oclc=1100438266}}</ref>

Some [[Western Rite Orthodoxy|Western Rite Orthodox]] congregations have adopted the use due to its antiquity and similarities with the [[Byzantine Rite]].<ref name="Mayer">{{Cite book |last=Mayer |first=Jean-François |title=Orthodox Identities in Western Europe: Migration, Settlement and Innovation |place=London |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-315-59914-4 |editor-last=Hämmerli |editor-first=Maria |language=en |chapter='We are westerners and must remain westerners': Orthodoxy and Western Rites in Western Europe |doi=10.4324/9781315599144 |pages=267–290}}</ref> This includes Western Rite members of the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]], as well as the [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendarist]] [[Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of North and South America and the British Isles]].

In spite of interest in the Sarum Use, its publication in Latin sources from the sixteenth century and earlier has inhibited its modern adoption. Several academic projects are gradually improving its accessibility. From 2009 to 2013, [[Bangor University]] produced a series of films and other resources as part of ''The Experience of Worship'' research project.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Sally |date=2 January 2017 |title=The Experience of Worship in Late Medieval Cathedral and Parish Church |journal=Material Religion |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=127–130 |doi=10.1080/17432200.2017.1270593 |s2cid=192006233 |issn=1743-2200}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Experience of Worship |url=http://www.experienceofworship.org.uk/ |access-date=20 June 2020 |website=Bangor University}}</ref> In 2006, [[McMaster University]] launched an ongoing project to create an edition and English translation of the complete Sarum Use with its original [[plainsong]], resulting in the publication of over 10,000 musical works, and expected to be completed in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Renwick |first=William |title=The Sarum Rite |url=http://www.sarum-chant.ca |language=en-US |publisher=McMaster University |publication-place=Hamilton, ON}}</ref>


===Influence on Anglo-Catholic Anglican liturgy===
The ritual of Sarum Use has influenced even churches that do not use its text, obscuring understanding of the original:

{{Blockquote|text=The modern fame of the Use of Sarum is to a great extent an accidental product of the political and religious preoccupations of 19th-century English ecclesiastics and ecclesiologists. The Use certainly deserves attention and respect as an outstanding intellectual achievement, but it is far from unique, and the fascination that it has exerted still threatens to limit rather than increase our understanding of the medieval English Church.<ref name="Sandon"/>}}

<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Sarum-Mass2.jpg|thumb|450px|Priest receives incense during a Sarum Mass.]] -->Many of the ornaments and ceremonial practices associated with the Sarum rite—though not the full liturgy itself—were revived in the Anglican Communion in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as part of the Anglo-Catholic [[Oxford Movement]] in the Church of England. Some Anglo-Catholics wanted to find a traditional formal liturgy that was characteristically "English" rather than "Roman." They took advantage of the '[[Ornaments Rubric]]' of 1559, which directed that English churches were to use "...such Ornaments of the Church, and of the Ministers thereof, at all Times of their Ministration, shall be retained, and be in use, as were in this Church of England, by the Authority of Parliament, in the Second Year of the Reign of Edward VI of England," i.e. January 1548 - January 1549, before the First Prayer Book came into effect in June of the latter year (which authorized the use of traditional vestments and was quite explicit that the priest shall wear an alb, vestment (chasuble) or cope and that the deacons shall be vested in albs and tunicles (dalmatics). However, there was a tendency to read back [[Victorian era|Victorian]] centralizing tendencies into mediaeval texts, and so a rather rubrical spirit was applied to liturgical discoveries.

Chief among the proponents of Sarum customs was the Anglican priest [[Percy Dearmer]], who put these into practice (according to his own interpretation) at his parish of St Mary the Virgin, [[Primrose Hill]], in [[London]]. He explained them at length in ''[[The Parson's Handbook]],'' which ran through several editions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bates |first=J. Barrington |date=2004 |title=Extremely beautiful, but eminently unsatisfactory: Percy Dearmer and the healing rites of the Church, 1909–1928 |jstor=42612398 |journal=Anglican and Episcopal History |volume=73 |issue=2 |pages=196–207 |issn=0896-8039}}</ref> This style of worship has been retained in some present-day Anglican churches and monastic institutions, where it is known as "English Use" (Dearmer's term) or "Prayer Book Catholicism".

===Modern influence on Catholic liturgies===

Several prayers from the Use of Sarum were incorporated by the Roman Catholic Church into a liturgy formed for former [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]] now in communion with [[Holy See|Rome]]. One example being the [[Collect for Purity]], which can be found in [[Personal_ordinariate#Anglican_Use_(Divine_Worship)|Divine Worship: The Missal]] (the [[missal]] in use in the [[Anglican Use|Personal Ordinariates]] for former [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]] in the [[Catholic Church]]).