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Vickers hardness test
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==Estimating tensile strength== If HV is first expressed in N/mm<sup>2</sup> (MPa), or otherwise by converting from kgf/mm<sup>2</sup>, then the [[tensile strength]] (in MPa) of the material can be approximated as {{mvar|Ο<sub>u</sub>}} β HV/{{mvar|c}} , where {{mvar|c}} is a constant determined by yield strength, Poisson's ratio, work-hardening exponent and geometrical factors{{snd}} usually ranging between 2 and 4.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hardness|url=http://aluminium.matter.org.uk/content/html/eng/default.asp?catid=150&pageid=2144416429|work=matter.org.uk}}</ref> In other words, if HV is expressed in N/mm<sup>2</sup> (i.e. in MPa) then the [[tensile strength]] (in MPa) β HV/3. This empirical law depends variably on the work-hardening behavior of the material.<ref name="Journal Article">{{cite journal |last1=Zhang |first1=P. |title=General relationship between strength and hardness |journal=Materials Science and Engineering A |date=September 2011 |volume=529 |page=62 |doi=10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.061 }}</ref>
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