Editing Vowel shift (section)

==== Bay Area Vowel Shift ====
The region of California that includes the Silicon Valley and the populous cities of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose utilizes the same speech vowel shifts as their native Northern California neighbors in regards to vowel shortening and centralization of the diphthong in words such as boat or coat. However, this area is uniquely influenced by the acoustic accouterments associated with the gay identity which include fronting of back vowels and merging vowel sounds found in words such as cot and caught.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Podesva|first=R. J.|title=The California Vowel Shift and Gay Identity|date=2011-03-01|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/american-speech/article/86/1/32-51/5898|journal=American Speech|language=en|volume=86|issue=1|pages=32–51|doi=10.1215/00031283-1277501|citeseerx=10.1.1.558.7296|issn=0003-1283}}</ref> Native Bay Area residents tend to have a more intensive vowel shift  in regards to the components that comprise CVS. These shifts include changes in voice and intonation.