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Weather ship
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===Late 1940s=== The establishment of weather ships proved to be so useful during World War II that the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) had established a global network of 13 weather ships by 1948, with seven operated by the United States, one operated jointly by the United States and Canada, two supplied by the United Kingdom, one maintained by France, one a joint venture by the [[Netherlands]] and [[Belgium]], and one shared by the United Kingdom, [[Norway]], and [[Sweden]].<ref name="PM January 1948">{{cite magazine | title = Britain's First Weather Ship |magazine= Popular Mechanics | volume = 89 | issue = 1 | page =136 | publisher = Hearst Magazines | date = January 1948| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QtkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA136 | issn = 0032-4558}}</ref> The United Kingdom used [[Royal Navy]] [[corvette]]s to operate their two stations, and staffed crews of 53 Met Office personnel. The ships were out at sea for 27 days, and in port for 15 days. Their first ship was deployed on July 31, 1947.<ref name="BritishShips"/> During 1949, the Weather Bureau planned to increase the number of United States Coast Guard weather ships in the Atlantic from five at the beginning of the year to eight by its end.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/wb_topicsandpersonnel/1949.pdf|journal=Weather Bureau Topics|author=United States Weather Bureau|page=353|date=February 1949|volume=8|title=AWP Headquarters Moves to New York|access-date=January 22, 2011|issue=37|author-link=United States Weather Bureau}}</ref> Weather Bureau employees aboard the vessels worked 40 to 63 hours per week.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/wb_topicsandpersonnel/1949.pdf|journal=Weather Bureau Topics|author=United States Weather Bureau|page=488|date=October 1949|volume=8|access-date=January 22, 2011|title=Ocean Weather Duty|issue=46|author-link=United States Weather Bureau}}</ref> Weather ship G ("George") was dropped from the network on July 1, 1949, and Navy weather ship "Bird Dog" ceased operations on August 1, 1949.<ref name="ByGeorge">{{cite journal|url= https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/wb_topicsandpersonnel/1949.pdf|journal=Weather Bureau Topics|author=United States Weather Bureau|title=Two Ocean Stations Dropped|page=457|date=August 1949|volume=8|access-date=January 22, 2011|issue=44|author-link=United States Weather Bureau}}</ref> In the Atlantic, weather vessel F ("Fox") was discontinued on September 3, 1949, and there was a change in location for ships D ("Dog") and E ("Easy") at the same time.<ref name="DEF">{{cite journal|url= https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/wb_topicsandpersonnel/1949.pdf|journal=Weather Bureau Topics|author=United States Weather Bureau|page=489|date=October 1949|volume=8|access-date=January 22, 2011|title=Changes in Ocean Stations|issue=46|author-link=United States Weather Bureau}}</ref> Navy weather ship J ("Jig") in the north-central Pacific Ocean was placed out of service on October 1, 1949.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/wb_topicsandpersonnel/1949.pdf|journal=Weather Bureau Topics|author=United States Weather Bureau|page=503|date=November 1949|volume=8|access-date=January 22, 2011|title=Navy Ocean Station Discontinued|issue=47|author-link=United States Weather Bureau}}</ref> The original international agreement for a 13 ship minimum was later amended downward. In 1949, the minimum number of weather ships operated by the United States was decreased to ten, and in 1954 the figure was lowered again to nine, both changes being made for economic reasons.<ref name="1965physics"/> Weather vessel O ("Oboe") entered the Pacific portion of the network on December 19, 1949. Also in the Pacific, weather ship A ("Able") was renamed ship P ("Peter") and moved {{convert|200|mi|km}} to the east-northeast in December 1949, while weather vessel F ("Fox") was renamed N ("Nan").<ref name="NOP">{{cite journal|url= https://library.oarcloud.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/wb_topicsandpersonnel/1950.pdf|journal=Weather Bureau Topics|author=United States Weather Bureau|page=7|date=January 1950|volume=9|access-date=January 22, 2011|title=Changes Made in Pacific Stations|issue=1|author-link=United States Weather Bureau}}</ref>
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