Editing Wh-movement (section)

==Wh-expressions without wh-movement==
Wh-movement typically occurs when forming questions in English. There are certain forms of questions in which wh-movement does not occur (aside from when the question word serves as the subject and so is already fronted):

#[[Echo questions]]: Confirming what you thought you heard.
#*''You bought '''what'''?''
#Quiz questions or specific questions: Asking for detailed specific information.
#*''George Orwell was born in '''which''' country?''
#Multiple interrogatives in a single sentence.
#*'''''Who''' bought '''what'''?''
#Expected questions: Occur when new information is expected.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The handbook of Portuguese linguistics|editor=Wetzels, Leo |editor2=Menuzzi, Sergio |editor3=Costa, João |isbn=9781118791745|edition=1|location=Malden, MA|oclc=944246651|year=2016 }}</ref>

Other languages may leave wh-expressions ''in-situ'' (in base position) more often, such as Slavic languages.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Wh-scope marking in Slavic|last=Stepanov, Arthur|oclc=449924033}}</ref> In French, for instance, wh-movement is often optional in certain [[matrix clause]]s.<ref>Concerning wh-movement in French, see Bošković (2002).</ref> Mandarin and Russian also possess wh-expressions without obligatory wh-movement.

''In-situ'' questions are different from wh-fronted questions in that they result from no movement at all, which tends to be morphologically or pragmatically conditioned.<ref name=":0" />