Editing Whitby (section)

===Rail and jet===
In 1839, the [[Whitby and Pickering Railway]] connecting Whitby to [[Pickering, North Yorkshire|Pickering]] and eventually to [[York]] was built, and played a part in the town's development as a tourism destination. [[George Hudson]], who promoted the link to York, was responsible for the development of the Royal Crescent which was partly completed.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2006 |title=Coast – Point 9 – Royal Crescent |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/content/articles/2005/07/21/coast05walks_stagenine.shtml |access-date=4 November 2008 |website=Where I Live – North Yorkshire |publisher=BBC |archive-date=11 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211060221/http://www.bbc.co.uk/northyorkshire/content/articles/2005/07/21/coast05walks_stagenine.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> For 12 years from 1847, [[Robert Stephenson]], son of [[George Stephenson]], engineer to the Whitby and Pickering Railway, was the Conservative MP for the town promoted by Hudson as a fellow [[Protectionism|protectionist]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Seatrobe |first=J.&nbsp;B. |date=29 October 2010 |title=They were also MPs: Robert Stephenson (1803–1859) |url=http://www.totalpolitics.com/history/5553/they-were-also-mps-robert-stephenson-18031859.thtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004152237/http://www.totalpolitics.com/history/5553/they-were-also-mps-robert-stephenson-18031859.thtml |archive-date=4 October 2011 |access-date=20 July 2011 |website=Total Politics}}</ref>
[[File:Schwarzer Trauerschmuck2.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Jet (gemstone)|Whitby jet]] mourning jewellery became popular in late Victorian England]]
The black [[mineraloid]] [[Jet (lignite)|jet]], the compressed remains of ancestors of the [[Araucaria araucana|monkey-puzzle tree]], is found in the cliffs and on the moors and has been used since the [[Bronze Age]] to make beads. The Romans are known to have mined it in the area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Superstitions |url=http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/Collections-Research/Research/Your-Research/Londinium/analysis/religiouslife/rites/18+super.htm |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-date=1 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110801145627/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/Collections-Research/Research/Your-Research/Londinium/analysis/religiouslife/rites/18+super.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Durham Mining Museum – Mine & Quarry Engineering |url=http://www.dmm-gallery.org.uk/minequar/4302-01.htm |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-date=3 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203183412/http://www.dmm-gallery.org.uk/minequar/4302-01.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In Victorian times jet was brought to Whitby by pack pony to be made into decorative items. It was at the peak of its popularity in the mid-19th&nbsp;century when it was favoured for mourning jewellery by [[Queen Victoria]] after the death of [[Albert, Prince Consort|Prince Albert]].<ref>{{cite web |date=6 April 2011 |title=Jet Jewellery |url=http://www.whitbymuseum.org.uk/hpmimages/index7.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722230212/http://www.whitbymuseum.org.uk/hpmimages/index7.htm |archive-date=22 July 2011 |access-date=2 August 2011 |publisher=Whitby Museum}}</ref>
[[File:DV307 no.138 Whitby from Abbey Terrace Oct 3 1861.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Whitby town from Abbey Terrace, sketched on 3 October 1861, looking across to Whitby Abbey]]
The advent of iron ships in the late 19th&nbsp;century and the development of port facilities on the [[River Tees]] led to the decline of smaller Yorkshire harbours. The ''Monks-haven'' launched in 1871 was the last wooden ship built in Whitby, and a year later the harbour was silted up.<ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Records of the Smales Brothers, shipowners and shipbuilders |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=1224-0063&cid=0 |access-date=4 October 2011 |website=Access to Archives |publisher=The National Archives |archive-date=17 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617135248/http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=1224-0063&cid=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=2011 |title=Whitby Port – Whitby Sights |url=http://www.whitbysights.co.uk/whitby-history/whitbyport.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328014937/http://www.whitbysights.co.uk/whitby-history/whitbyport.html |archive-date=28 March 2012 |access-date=13 August 2011}}</ref>