Editing Willow (section)

==Taxonomy==
The scientific use of the genus name ''Salix'' originates with [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1753.<ref name=IPNI_325916-2>{{cite web |title=''Salix'' L. |work=[[International Plant Names Index|The International Plant Names Index]] |url=https://www.ipni.org/n/325916-2 |access-date=2021-05-06 }}</ref> The modern concept of [[Type species|types]] did not exist at the time, so types for Linnaeus' genera had to be designated later.<ref name=NHM_LPNTP>{{Citation |mode=cs1 |title=Introduction and Historical Perspective |website=The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project |date=24 October 2022 |publisher=The [[Natural History Museum (London)|Natural History Museum]]|doi=10.5519/qwv6u7j5 |url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/linnaean-typification/introduction.html |access-date=2021-05-06 |author1=Natural History Museum }}</ref> The [[type species]], i.e., the species on which the genus name is based, is ''[[Salix alba]]'', based on a conserved type.<ref name=IPNI_325916-2/>

The [[Generic name (biology)|generic name]] ''Salix'' comes from [[Latin language|Latin]] and was already used by the Romans for various types of willow.<ref name=Gen_Gat>Helmut Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen (German). 3rd ed., completely revised and expanded. Nikol, [[Hamburg]] 2005, {{ISBN|3-937872-16-7}} (reprint from 1996). pg. 552</ref> A theory is that the word is ultimately derived from a [[Celtic language]], ''sal'' meaning 'near' and ''lis'' meaning 'water', alluding to their habitat.<ref name=FloraUSSR>{{cite book |last=Nazarov |first=M. I. |editor-last=Komarov |editor-first=Vladimir Leontyevich |editor-link=Vladimir Leontyevich Komarov |translator-last1=Landau |translator-first1=N. |date=1970 |orig-year=1936 |title=Flora of the U.S.S.R. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30156050 |volume=5 |location=Jerusalem |publisher=[[Israel Program for Scientific Translations]]|page=21 }}</ref>

Willows are classified into subgenera though what they should be is in flux.<ref name="Wagner">{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3389/fpls.2021.662715| issn = 1664-462X| volume = 12| pages = 662715| last1 = Wagner| first1 = Natascha D.| last2 = Volf| first2 = Martin| last3 = Hörandl| first3 = Elvira| title = Highly Diverse Shrub Willows (''Salix'' L.) Share Highly Similar Plastomes| journal =[[Frontiers in Plant Science]]| date = 2021-09-03| pmid = 34539686| pmc = 8448165| doi-access = free}}</ref>  Morphological studies generally divide the species into 3 or 5 subgenera: ''Salix'' (though some split off subgenera ''Longifoliae'' and ''Protitae''), ''Chamaetia'', and ''Vetrix''. Phylogenetic studies have suggested that ''Chamaetia'' and ''Vetrix'' be in one clade.<ref name="Wagner"/>

The oldest fossils of the genus are known from the early [[Eocene]] of North America, with the earliest occurrences in Europe during the Early [[Oligocene]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Collinson |first=Margaret E. |date=1992 |title=The early fossil history of Salicaceae: a brief review |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0269727000007521/type/journal_article |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences]]|language=en |volume=98 |pages=155–167 |doi=10.1017/S0269727000007521 |issn=0269-7270|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Selected species===
{{Main|List of Salix species}}
The genus ''Salix'' is made up of around 350 species of deciduous trees and [[shrub]]s. They hybridise freely, and over 160 such hybrids have been named.<ref name="POWO_325916-2" />Examples of well-known willows include:<ref name=Mabberley>Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge.</ref>
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Salix aegyptiaca]]'' <small>L.</small> – musk willow
*''[[Salix alba]]'' <small>L.</small> – white willow
*''[[Salix amygdaloides]]'' <small>Andersson</small> – peachleaf willow
*''[[Salix arctica]]'' <small>Pall.</small> – Arctic willow
*''[[Salix babylonica]]'' <small>L.</small> – Babylon willow, Peking willow or weeping willow
*''[[Salix bebbiana]]'' <small>Sarg.</small> – beaked willow, long-beaked willow, or Bebb's willow
*''[[Salix caprea]]'' <small>L.</small> – goat willow or pussy willow
*''[[Salix cinerea]]'' <small>L.</small> – grey willow
*''[[Salix discolor]]'' <small>Muhl.</small> – American pussy willow or glaucous willow
*''[[Salix euxina]]'' <small>I.V.Belyaeva</small> – eastern crack willow
*''[[Salix exigua]]'' <small>Nutt.</small> – sandbar willow, narrowleaf willow, or coyote willow
*[[Salix × fragilis|''Salix'' × ''fragilis'']] <small>L.</small> – common crack willow
*''[[Salix glauca]]'' <small>L.</small> – gray willow, grayleaf willow, white willow, or glaucous willow
*''[[Salix gooddingii]]'' <small>C.R.Ball</small> - Goodding's black willow
*''[[Salix herbacea]]'' <small>L.</small> – dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow
*''[[Salix humboldtiana]]'' <small>Willd.</small> - Humbolt's willow, native to central and South America
*''[[Salix integra]]'' <small>Thunb.</small>
*''[[Salix laevigata]]'' <small>Bebb</small> – red willow or polished willow
*''[[Salix lasiolepis]]'' <small>Benth.</small> – arroyo willow
*''[[Salix microphylla]]'' <small>Schltdl. & Cham.</small>
*''[[Salix mucronata]]'' <small>Andersson</small> - Safsaf willow, a species from southern Africa
*''[[Salix nigra]]'' <small>Marshall</small> – black willow
*''[[Salix paradoxa]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
*''[[Salix pierotii]]'' <small>Miq.</small> – Korean willow
*''[[Salix purpurea]]'' <small>L.</small> – purple willow or purple osier
*''[[Salix scouleriana]]'' <small>Barratt ex Hook.</small> – Scouler's willow
* [[Salix Sepulcralis Group|''Salix sepulcralis'' group]] – hybrid willows
*''[[Salix tetrasperma]]'' <small>Roxb.</small> – Indian willow
*''[[Salix triandra]]'' <small>L.</small> – almond willow or almond-leaved willow
*''[[Salix viminalis]]'' <small>L.</small> – common osier
{{div col end}}