Editing Yellow Peril (section)

===Imperial Russia===
[[File:%22The_yellow_peril%22_-_Keppler._LCCN2011645517.jpg|thumb|"The yellow peril", [[Puck (magazine)|Puck]] cartoon, 1905]]

In the late 19th century, with the [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)|Treaty of Saint Petersburg]], the [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912) China recovered the eastern portion of the [[Ili River]] basin ([[Jetisu|Zhetysu]]), which Russia had occupied for a decade, since the [[Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)|Dungan Revolt]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historical Atlas of the 19th Century World, 1783–1914|year=1998|publisher=Barnes & Noble Books|isbn=978-0-7607-3203-8|page=5.19}}</ref><ref>{{cite ECCP|title=Tsêng Chi-tsê}}</ref><ref name="Scott2008">{{cite book|author=David Scott|title=China and the International System, 1840–1949: Power, Presence, and Perceptions in a Century of Humiliation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6U_DPS4vfO0C&pg=PA104|date=2008|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7742-7|pages=104–105|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723012734/https://books.google.com/books?id=6U_DPS4vfO0C&pg=PA104|archive-date=23 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In that time, the [[mass communication]]s [[Mass media|media]] of the West misrepresented China as an ascendant military power, and applied Yellow Peril ideology to evoke racist fears that China would conquer Western colonies, such as Australia.<ref>{{cite book|author=David Scott|title=China and the International System, 1840–1949: Power, Presence, and Perceptions in a Century of Humiliation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6U_DPS4vfO0C&pg=PA111|date=2008|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7742-7|pages=111–112|access-date=13 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705195832/https://books.google.com/books?id=6U_DPS4vfO0C&pg=PA111|archive-date=5 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>

Imperial Russian writers, notably [[Russian symbolism|symbolists]], expressed fears of a "second Tatar yoke" or a "Mongolian wave" following the lines of "Yellow Peril". [[Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)|Vladimir Solovyov]] combined Japan and China into supposed "Pan-Mongolians" who would conquer Russia and Europe.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lim|first=Susanna Soojung|date=2008|title=Between Spiritual Self and Other: Vladimir Solov'ev and the Question of East Asia|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27652846|journal=Slavic Review|volume=67|issue=2|pages=321–341|doi=10.1017/S003767790002355X|jstor=27652846|s2cid=164557692|issn=0037-6779|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnsHyxPZfOIC|title=Russia between East and West : scholarly debates on Eurasianism|date=2007|publisher=Brill|editor=Dmitry Shlapentokh|isbn=978-90-474-1900-6|location=Leiden|pages=28–30|oclc=304239012}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Lim|first=Susanna Soojung|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OdmPXT_RvSYC|title=China and Japan in the Russian imagination, 1685–1922 : to the ends of the Orient|date=2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-203-59450-6|location=New York|pages=157–158|oclc=1086509564}}</ref> A similar idea and fear was expressed by [[Dmitry Merezhkovsky|Dmitry Merezhkovskii]] in ''Zheltolitsye pozitivisty'' ("Yellow-Faced Positivists") in 1895 and ''Griadushchii Kham'' ("The Coming Boor") in 1906.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|26–28}}<ref name=":3" />

The works of explorer [[Vladimir Arsenyev|Vladimir K. Arsenev]] also illustrated the ideology of Yellow Peril in Tsarist Russia. The fear continued into the Soviet era where it contributed to the [[Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union|Soviet internal deportation of Koreans]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Chang|first=Jon K.|title=Tsarist continuities in Soviet nationalities policy: A case of Korean territorial autonomy in the Soviet Far East, 1923–1937|url=https://www.academia.edu/17823472|journal=Eurasia Studies Society of Great Britain & Europe Journal|volume=3|pages=30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Adamz|first=Zachary M.|date=2017|title=Burnt by the Sun: The Koreans of the Russian Far East. By Jon K. Chang. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2016. x, 273 pages. $68.00.|journal=International Migration Review|language=en|volume=51|issue=3|pages=e35–e36|doi=10.1111/imre.12329|issn=1747-7379|doi-access=free}}</ref> In a 1928 report to the [[Far Eastern Bureau of the Comintern|Dalkrai Bureau]], Arsenev stated "Our colonization is a type of weak wedge on the edge of the primordial land of the yellow peoples." In the earlier 1914 monograph ''The Chinese in the Ussuri Region'', Arsenev characterized people of three East Asian nationalities (Koreans, Chinese, and Japanese) as a singular 'yellow peril', criticizing immigration to Russia and presenting the [[Ussuri]] region as a buffer against "onslaught".<ref name=":1" />