Editing Content theory (section)

==Approach versus avoidance==
{{Main|Motivational salience}}
Approach motivation (i.e., [[incentive salience]]) can be defined as when a certain behavior or reaction to a situation/environment is [[reward system|rewarded]] or results in a positive or desirable outcome. In contrast, avoidance motivation (i.e., [[aversive salience]]) can be defined as when a certain behavior or reaction to a situation/environment is punished or results in a [[aversives|negative or undesirable outcome]].<ref name="Schacter, Daniel 2011. p.340">Schacter, Daniel. "Psychology". Worth Publishers. 2011. p.340</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Elliot |first1 = Andrew J |last2 = Covington |first2 = Martin V |title = Approach and Avoidance Motivation |journal = Educational Psychology Review |date = 2001 |volume = 13 |page = 2 }}</ref> Research suggests that, all else being equal, avoidance motivations tend to be more powerful than approach motivations. Because people expect losses to have more powerful emotional consequences than equal-size gains, they will take more risks to avoid a loss than to achieve a gain.<ref name="Schacter, Daniel 2011. p.340"/>

===Conditioned taste aversion===

{{quote|A strong dislike (nausea reaction) for food because of prior Association with of that food with nausea or upset stomach.<ref name=":5" />}}

Conditioned taste aversion is the only type of conditioning that only needs one exposure. It does not need to be the specific food or drinks that cause the taste. Conditioned taste aversion can also be attributed to extenuating circumstances. An example of this can be eating a rotten apple. Eating the apple and then immediately throwing up. Now it is hard to even be near an apple without feeling sick. Conditioned taste aversion can also come about by the mere associations of two stimuli. Eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, but also having the flu. Eating the sandwich makes one feel nauseous, so one throws up, now one cannot smell peanut butter without feeling queasy. Though eating the sandwich does not cause one to through up, they are still linked.<ref name=":5" />