Editing International Phonetic Alphabet (section)

== Computer support ==
=== Unicode ===
{{Main|Phonetic symbols in Unicode#IPA}}

[[Unicode]] supports nearly all of the IPA. Apart from basic Latin and Greek and general punctuation, the primary blocks are [[IPA Extensions]], [[Spacing Modifier Letters]] and [[Combining Diacritical Marks]], with lesser support from [[Phonetic Extensions]], [[Phonetic Extensions Supplement]], [[Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement]], and scattered characters elsewhere. The [[extended IPA]] is supported primarily by those blocks and [[Latin Extended-G]].

=== IPA numbers ===
{{Main|IPA number}}
After the [[Kiel Convention]] in 1989, most IPA symbols were assigned an identifying number to prevent confusion between similar characters during the printing of manuscripts. The codes were never much used and have been superseded by Unicode.

=== Typefaces ===
[[File:IPA font sample (SIL, Brill, Noto, DejaVu, Calibri).svg|thumb|The sequence {{IPA|⟨˨˦˧꜒꜔꜓k͜𝼄a͎̽᷅ꟸ⟩|cat=no}} in the fonts Gentium Book Plus, Andika, Brill, Noto Serif, DejaVu Sans and Calibri. All but DejaVu align diacritics well. Asterisks are characters not supported by that font. In Noto and DejaVu, the red tone letters do not link properly, and in DejaVu the stacked diacritics overstrike each other. This is a test sequence: Noto and Calibri support most IPA adequately.]]
Many typefaces have support for IPA characters, but good diacritic rendering remains rare.<ref name="Es gilt das gesprochene Wort: Schriftarten für IPA-Transkriptionen">{{cite web |title=Es gilt das gesprochene Wort: Schriftarten für IPA-Transkriptionen |date=16 March 2014 |url=https://www.isoglosse.de/2014/03/schriftarten-ipa-transkriptionen/ |access-date=2022-08-18 |language=de |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809201424/https://www.isoglosse.de/2014/03/schriftarten-ipa-transkriptionen/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Web browser]]s generally do not need any configuration to display IPA characters, provided that a typeface capable of doing so is available to the operating system.

==== Free fonts ====
Typefaces that provide full IPA<!--e.g. Modifier Tone Letters such as tone-sandhi U+A712--> and nearly full extIPA support, including properly rendering the diacritics,<!--e.g. Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement characters such as U+1DC5--> include [[Gentium]] Plus, [[Charis SIL]], [[Doulos SIL]], and [[Andika (font)|Andika]] developed by [[SIL International]].<!--SIL fonts seem to be the only ones with complete IPA support. --> Indeed, the IPA chose Doulos to publish their chart in Unicode format.
In addition to the level of support found in commercial and system fonts, these fonts support the full range of old-style (pre-Kiel) staveless tone letters, through a [[character variant]] option that suppresses the stave of the Chao tone letters. They also have an option to maintain the {{IPA|[a]}} ~ {{IPA|[ɑ]}} vowel distinction in italics. The only notable gaps are with the extIPA: the combining parentheses, which enclose diacritics, are not supported, nor is the enclosing circle that marks unidentified sounds, and which Unicode considers to be a [[List of proofreader's marks|copy-edit mark]] and thus not eligible for Unicode support.

The basic Latin [[Noto fonts]] commissioned by [[Google]] also have significant IPA support, including diacritic placement, only failing with the more obscure IPA and extIPA characters and superscripts of the [[Latin Extended-F]] and [[Latin Extended-G]] blocks. The extIPA parentheses are included, but they do not enclose diacritics as they are supposed to.

[[DejaVu]] is the second free Unicode font chosen by the IPA to publish their chart. It was last updated in 2016 and so does not support the Latin F or G blocks. Stacked diacritics tend to overstrike each other.

{{as of|2018}}, the IPA was developing their own font, ''unitipa'', based on [[TIPA (software)|TIPA]].<ref>Natalie Udomkesmalee (2018) [https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/IPA_hist/IPA_hist_2018.html Historical charts of the International Phonetic Alphabet], endnote.</ref>{{update needed|date=May 2025}}

==== Proprietary system fonts ====
[[Calibri]],<!--Good diacritic placement of Combining Diacritical Marks Supplement, but incomplete tone support.--> the former default font of [[Microsoft Office]], has nearly complete IPA support with good diacritic rendering, though it is not as complete as some free fonts (see image at right). Other widespread Microsoft fonts, such as [[Arial]] and [[Times New Roman]], have poor support.

The Apple system fonts [[Geneva (typeface)|Geneva]], [[Lucida Grande]] and [[Hiragino]] (certain weights) have only basic IPA support.

==== Notable commercial fonts ====
<!--A font listed here should support at least diacritics and tone letters as well as Noto or Calibri. Minion 3 does not.-->
[[Brill Publishers#Brill Typeface|Brill]]<!--Comparable support to Calibri.--> has complete IPA and extIPA coverage of characters added to Unicode by 2020, with good diacritic and tone-letter support. It is a commercial font but is freely available for non-commercial use.<ref name="Brill Typeface">{{cite web |title=Brill Typeface |url=https://brill.com/page/1228?language=en%20Brill%20Typeface |access-date=2022-08-18 |language=en |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818094822/https://brill.com/page/1228?language=en%20Brill%20Typeface |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== ASCII and keyboard transliterations ===
{{further|Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet}}
Several systems have been developed that map the IPA symbols to [[ASCII]] characters. Notable systems include [[SAMPA]] and [[X-SAMPA]]. The usage of mapping systems in on-line text has to some extent been adopted in the context input methods, allowing convenient keying of IPA characters that would be otherwise unavailable on standard keyboard layouts.

=== IETF language tags ===
[[IETF language tag]]s have registered {{mono|fonipa}} as a variant subtag identifying text as written in IPA.<ref name="IANA">{{cite web |title=Language Subtag Registry |url=https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry |publisher=IANA |access-date=30 April 2021 |language=en |date=2021-03-05 |archive-date=12 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112063905/http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry |url-status=live}}</ref>
Thus, an IPA transcription of English could be tagged as {{mono|en-fonipa}}.
For the use of IPA without attribution to a concrete language, {{mono|und-fonipa}} is available.

=== Computer input using on-screen keyboard ===
Online IPA keyboard utilities are available, though none<!--Before claiming something provides full support, verify that it supports the tone diacritics that do not appear on the IPA chart.--> of them cover the complete range of IPA symbols and diacritics. Examples are the ''IPA 2018 i-charts'' hosted by the IPA,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/IPAcharts/inter_chart_2018/IPA_2018.html |title=IPA 2018 i-charts |website=International Phonetic Association}}</ref> ''IPA character picker'' by Richard Ishida at GitHub,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://r12a.github.io/pickers/ipa/ |title=IPA character picker 27 |website=Github}}</ref> ''Type IPA phonetic symbols'' at TypeIt.org,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ipa.typeit.org/full/ |title=Type IPA phonetic symbols |website=typeit.org}}</ref> and an ''IPA Chart keyboard'' by Weston Ruter also at GitHub.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://westonruter.github.io/ipa-chart/keyboard/ |title=IPA Chart keyboard |website=GitHub}}</ref> In April 2019, Google's [[Gboard]] for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] added an IPA keyboard to its platform.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.androidpolice.com/2019/04/18/gboard-updated-with-63-new-languages-including-ipa-not-the-beer/ |title=Gboard updated with 63 new languages, including IPA (not the beer) |date=18 April 2019 |website=Android Police |language=en-US |access-date=28 April 2019 |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428154616/https://www.androidpolice.com/2019/04/18/gboard-updated-with-63-new-languages-including-ipa-not-the-beer/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://support.google.com/gboard/answer/6380730?co=GENIE.Platform=Android |title=Set up Gboard – Android – Gboard Help |website=Google Help |access-date=28 April 2019 |archive-date=24 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824165444/https://support.google.com/gboard/answer/6380730?co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid |url-status=live}}</ref> For iOS there are multiple free keyboard layouts available, such as the ''IPA Phonetic Keyboard''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPA Phonetic Keyboard |url=https://apps.apple.com/lu/app/ipa-phonetic-keyboard/id1440241497 |access-date=8 December 2020 |website=App Store |language=en-gb |archive-date=15 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415093507/https://apps.apple.com/lu/app/ipa-phonetic-keyboard/id1440241497 |url-status=live}}</ref>