Editing JAXA (section)

== Organization ==
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|caption1 = JAXA Headquarters (Chofu City, Tokyo)
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|caption2 = Tsukuba Space Center Main Gate
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|caption3 = [[Tanegashima Space Center]] ([[Kagoshima Prefecture]])
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JAXA is composed of the following organizations:
* Space Technology Directorate I
* Space Technology Directorate II
* Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate
* Research and Development Directorate
* Aeronautical Technology Directorate
* Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)
* Space Exploration Innovation Hub Center (TansaX)

JAXA has research centers in many locations in Japan, and some offices overseas. Its headquarters are in [[Chōfu, Tokyo|Chōfu]], [[Tokyo]]. It also has
* [[Earth Observation Research Center]] (EORC), Tokyo
* [[Earth Observation Center (Japan)|Earth Observation Center]] (EOC) in [[Hatoyama, Saitama|Hatoyama]], [[Saitama Prefecture|Saitama]]
* [[Noshiro Testing Center]] (NTC) in [[Noshiro, Akita|Noshiro]], [[Akita Prefecture|Akita]] – Established in 1962. It carries out development and testing of rocket engines.
* [[Sanriku Balloon Center]] (SBC) – Balloons have been launched from this site since 1971.
* [[Kakuda Space Center]] (KSPC) in [[Kakuda, Miyagi|Kakuda]], [[Miyagi Prefecture|Miyagi]] – Leads the development of rocket engines. Works mainly with development of liquid-fuel engines.
* [[Sagamihara Campus]] (ISAS) in [[Sagamihara]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa]] – Development of experimental equipment for rockets and satellites. Also administrative buildings.
* [[Tanegashima Space Center]] in [[Tanegashima]], [[Kagoshima Prefecture|Kagoshima]] – currently the launch site for the [[H-IIA]] and [[H3 (rocket)|H3]] rockets.
* [[Tsukuba Space Center]] (TKSC) in [[Tsukuba]], [[Ibaraki Prefecture|Ibaraki]]. This is the center of Japan's space network. It is involved in research and development of satellites and rockets, and tracking and controlling of satellites. It develops experimental equipment for the Japanese Experiment Module ("Kibo"). Training of astronauts also takes place here. For [[International Space Station]] operations, the Japanese Flight Control Team is located at the Space Station Integration & Promotion Center (SSIPC) in Tsukuba. SSIPC communicates regularly with ISS crewmembers via S-band audio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/reports/iss_reports/2009/04232009.html|title=ISS On-Orbit Status 04/23/09|date=24 April 2009|access-date=28 April 2023|publisher=NASA|archive-date=29 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429021031/https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/heo/reports/iss_reports/2009/04232009.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Uchinoura Space Center]] in [[Kimotsuki, Kagoshima|Kimotsuki]], [[Kagoshima Prefecture|Kagoshima]] – currently the launch site for the [[Epsilon (rocket)|Epsilon rocket]].

===Communication ground stations for interplanetary spacecraft===
* [[Usuda Deep Space Center]] (UDSC) is a spacecraft tracking station in [[Saku, Nagano]] (originally in [[Usuda, Nagano]]; Usuda merged into Saku in 2005), the first deep-space antenna constructed with beam-waveguide technology, and for many years, Japan's only ground station for communication with interplanetary spacecraft in deep space. Opening in 1984, the 64 meter antenna, built by [[Mitsubishi Electric]], primarily operated in the X- and S-band frequencies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://global.jaxa.jp/about/centers/udsc/index.html | title=JAXA &#124; Usuda Deep Space Center }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mitsubishielectric.com/bu/space/ground/control/antenna/index.html | title=Space Systems: 64m Parabolic Antenna for Usuda Deep Space Center – MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC }}</ref> Upon completion in 2021, MDSS succeeded UDSC as the primary antenna for JAXA's Deep Space Network.
* [[Misasa Deep Space Station]] (MDSS), also in [[Saku, Nagano]] (and just over one kilometer northwest from UDSC), also known as GREAT (Ground Station for Deep Space Exploration and Telecommunication) was completed in 2021 at a cost of over ten billion Yen.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210410/k10012967611000.html |title=NHK |access-date=2 December 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719173741/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210410/k10012967611000.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is equipped with a 54 meter dish, also built by [[Mitsubishi Electric]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mitsubishielectric.co.jp/society/space/control/great.html | title=三菱電機 &#124; 美笹深宇宙探査用地上局（Great） }}</ref> communicating with spacecraft in the X- and Ka-band frequencies.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sas/great/|title=JAXA &#124; GREAT, Ground Station for Deep Space Exploration and Telecommunication }}</ref> Phase 2 (GREAT2) to improve performance and reliability, in support of future projects, over the previous phase is now in progress.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://global.jaxa.jp/activity/pr/jaxas/no085/07.html | title=JAXA &#124; Launch of the Misasa Deep Space Station's GREAT2 Project }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/great/english/indexen.html | title=Misasa Deep Space Station }}</ref>

* Other tracking stations in Okinawa, Masuda, and Katsuura are for satellite tracking and control.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://track.sfo.jaxa.jp/en/project/index.html#project-3 | title=JAXA｜Space Tracking and Communications Center Home Page }}</ref>

Collaborating with other space agencies:

Previously, JAXA has worked closely with other space agencies in support of their respective deep space projects. Notably, in 2015 NASA's [[NASA Deep Space Network|Deep Space Network]] provided communication and tracking services to the [[Akatsuki (spacecraft)|Akatsuki]] Venus probe through its 34 meter antennas.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-scientists-applaud-japanese-spacecraft-akatsuki-s-successful-rendezvous-with-venus | title=NASA Applauds Akatsuki's Successful Rendezvous with Venus | date=9 December 2015 | access-date=2 December 2022 | archive-date=12 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212202722/http://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-scientists-applaud-japanese-spacecraft-akatsuki-s-successful-rendezvous-with-venus/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> In October 2021, JAXA provided NASA with data it had received at Misasa from [[Juno (spacecraft)|Juno]] during its flyby of [[Jupiter]]'s moon [[Europa (moon)|Europa]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.isas.jaxa.jp/home/great/english/new1022en.html#20220309 | title=Event -MDSS- }}</ref>

As part of on-going joint support of deep space missions JAXA, ESA, and NASA are engaged in an effort to improve the X/Ka celestial reference frame as well as a unified X/Ka terrestrial frame to be shared by the three agencies. 
The 54 meter dish at MDSS enhances X/Ka sensitivity from having an aperture area two and a half times larger than the equivalent antennas in the NASA and ESA network.
MDSS improves the network geometry with the first direct north-south baseline (Japan-Australia) in the X/Ka VLBI network, thereby providing four new baselines which will provide optimal geometry for improving declinations.<ref>[https://syrte.obspm.fr/astro/journees2019/journees_pdf/SessionIII_1/JACOBS_Christopher.pdf X/Ka (8.4/32 GHz) Celestial Frame: Roadmap to the future]</ref>