Editing Multiculturalism (section)

== Africa ==
===Cameroon===
Officially known as the Republic of Cameroon, [[Cameroon]] is found in central Africa consisting of a diverse geographical and cultural area that makes it one of the most diverse countries known today. Ranging from mountains, deserts, and rainforests, to coast-lands and savanna grasslands, its diverse geography makes a large diverse population possible. This diverse geography resembles Africa as a whole and due to this, many people commonly label Cameroon as "Africa in Miniature".<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/|title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|website=cia.gov|language=en|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{cite journal |last1=Mbenda |first1=Huguette Gaelle Ngassa |last2=Awasthi |first2=Gauri |last3=Singh |first3=Poonam K |last4=Gouado |first4=Inocent |last5=Das |first5=Aparup |title=Does malaria epidemiology project Cameroon as 'Africa in miniature'? |journal=Journal of Biosciences |date=September 2014 |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=727–738 |doi=10.1007/s12038-014-9451-y |pmid=25116627 |s2cid=17219470 }}</ref>

==== Demographics and official languages ====
Before Cameroon's independence, it was under British and French colonial rule from 1916–1961.<ref name=":13"/> Upon gaining [[sovereignty]], a major colonial influence was evident, having both English and French become the national language to roughly 25,000,000 Cameroonian residents.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|website=esa.un.org|access-date=26 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|archive-date=19 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite conference |last1=Asanga Fon |first1=Nguh Nwei |title=Can Bilingualism Survive in Cameroon? |pages=260–275 |conference=The Future of Humanities, Education and Creative Industries |date=October 2017 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338146687 }}</ref> Apart from these two major languages, a new language consisting of a mixture of French, English, and [[Cameroonian Pidgin English|Pidgin]] known as [[Camfranglais|Frananglais]] gained popularity among Cameroonian residents.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://newuh.blog/2012/12/13/cameroon-africa-in-miniature-in-what-sense/|title=Cameroon: Africa in Miniature – In what Sense?|date=13 December 2012|work=KINGSLEY SHETEH'S BLOG|access-date=26 July 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=26 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726201806/https://newuh.blog/2012/12/13/cameroon-africa-in-miniature-in-what-sense/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Indigenous languages ====
Although these three languages are the most common in Cameroon, there are still approximately 273 [[Indigenous peoples|indigenous]] languages being spoken throughout the country, making it not only culturally diverse but linguistically as well.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/CM|title=Cameroon|website=Ethnologue|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> Among those who speak these indigenous languages are people from [[Bantu peoples|Bantu]], Sudanic, [[Baka people (Cameroon and Gabon)|Baka]], [[Wodaabe]] (or [[Mbororo]]) and even primitive hunter-gatherer groups known as [[Pygmy peoples|Pygmies]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cameroon|title=Cameroon {{!}} Culture, History, & People|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=26 July 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwgia.org/en/cameroon|title=Cameroon|website=iwgia.org|language=en-gb|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref>

==== Indigenous peoples' rights ====
Although native to Cameroonian land, they faced constant discrimination much like other indigenous groups around the world. The United Nations General Assembly ([[United Nations General Assembly|UNGA]]) adopted the United Nations' Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ([[UNDRIP]]) in 2007. What this allowed was the protection of land and resource rights and prevented others from [[wiktionary:Exploitation|exploiting]] or violating them.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.iied.org/17448iied|title=Indigenous peoples' land rights in Cameroon: progress to date and possible futures|last1=Nguiffo|first1=Samuel|last2=Amougou|first2=Victor|last3=Schwartz|first3=Brendan|last4=Cotula|first4=Lorenzo|date=December 2017|series=IIED Briefing Papers|isbn=9781784315511|publisher=[[International Institute for Environment and Development]]|access-date=29 December 2024}}</ref>{{rp|p=2}} In 2016, a group of indigenous Baka and Bagyeli groups united to form Gbabandi. Gbabandi allowed these indigenous groups to have a form of representation and a declared list of requirements that people of Cameroon had to abide by. Among these requirements were guaranteed land rights, peoples' consent to the usage of their sacred land, traditional chiefs and the ability to participate in "local, regional, and national levels" of political and economic matters. As a result, this established a sense of justice and acknowledgment among indigenous groups in Cameroon and posed for future battles for indigenous peoples' rights.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forestpeoples.org/en/rights-land-natural-resources/news-article/2017/declaration-land-rights-gbabandi-platform-cameroon|title=Declaration on land rights from the Gbabandi Platform, Cameroon {{!}} Forest Peoples Programme|website=forestpeoples.org|language=en|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref>

===Mauritius===
Multiculturalism has been a characteristic feature of the island of [[Mauritius]].<ref name="LionnetShi2005">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJKgGEb2jpsC&pg=PA203|title=Minor transnationalism|author1=Françoise Lionnet|author2=Shumei Shi|date=16 February 2005|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-3490-3|page=203|access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref> This is mainly because of colonization that has been present from, the English, the French, and the Dutch.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ng Tseung-Wong |first1=Caroline |last2=Verkuyten |first2=Maykel |title=Multiculturalism, Mauritian Style: Cultural Diversity, Belonging, and a Secular State |journal=American Behavioral Scientist |date=May 2015 |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=679–701 |doi=10.1177/0002764214566498 |hdl=1874/329780 |s2cid=144906729 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> However, the Mauritian society includes people from many different ethnic and religious groups: Hindu, Muslim and [[Indo-Mauritian]]s, [[Mauritian Creole people|Mauritian Creoles]] (of African and [[Malagasy people|Malagasy]] descent), Buddhist and Roman Catholic [[Sino-Mauritian]]s and [[Franco-Mauritian]]s (descendants of the original French colonists).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infomauritius.com/|title=Some facts about Mauritius|publisher=Infomauritius.com|access-date=10 December 2010|archive-date=21 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821215852/http://www.infomauritius.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mauritius has embraced intertwining of cultures from the origin of the country, and has coined the term fruit-salad, which is a much more appealing term in comparison to melting-pot showing that they were not forced to these cultures.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ng |first1=Eddy S. |last2=Bloemraad |first2=Irene |title=A SWOT Analysis of Multiculturalism in Canada, Europe, Mauritius, and South Korea |journal=American Behavioral Scientist |date=May 2015 |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=619–636 |doi=10.1177/0002764214566500 |s2cid=147514771 }}</ref>

=== South Africa ===
{{Main|Immigration to South Africa}}
South Africa is the fifth-most populous country and one of the most developed countries in Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-10-most-populated-countries-in-africa.html|title=The 10 Most Populated Countries in Africa|work=WorldAtlas|access-date=26 July 2018|language=en}}</ref> South Africa also officially recognises 11 languages including English, making it third behind Bolivia and India in most official languages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf|title=Census 2011 Census in Brief|date=13 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513171240/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf|archive-date=13 May 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> The three most common languages are Zulu, Xhosa, and Afrikaans. Though South Africa's cultural traditions may decline as it becomes more and more Westernised due to its development, it is still known for its diverse culture.