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Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
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==History== * 1957: Kineplex, multi-carrier HF modem (R.R. Mosier & R.G. Clabaugh)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mosier |first1=R. R. |last2=Clabaugh |first2=R. G. |date=1958 |title=Kineplex, a bandwidth-efficient binary transmission system |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6372736 |journal=Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics |volume=76 |issue=6 |pages=723β728 |doi=10.1109/TCE.1958.6372736 |issn=0097-2452|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/details/TNM_Collins_data_transmission_system_Kineplex_20180116_0287 Collins Data Transmission System Kineplex] scanned Collins Radio product literature at Archive.org</ref> * 1966: Chang, Bell Labs: OFDM paper<ref name=chang>{{cite journal | last1 = Chang | first1 = R. W. | year = 1966 | title = Synthesis of band-limited orthogonal signals for multi-channel data transmission | journal = Bell System Technical Journal | volume = 45 | issue = 10| pages = 1775β1796 | doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1966.tb02435.x }}</ref> and patent<ref name=patent>{{Cite patent|country=US|number=3488445|title=Orthogonal frequency multiplex data transmission system|pubdate=1970-01-06|assign=[[Bell Labs|Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc.]]|inventor1-last=Chang|inventor1-first=Robert W.}}</ref> * 1971: Weinstein & Ebert proposed use of [[fast Fourier transform|FFT]] and [[guard interval]]<ref name=weinstein>{{cite journal|doi=10.1109/TCOM.1971.1090705|title=Data Transmission by Frequency-Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform|journal=IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology|volume=19|issue=5|pages=628β634|date=October 1971|last1=Weinstein|first1=S.|last2=Ebert|first2=P.|s2cid=28439102 }}</ref> * 1985: Cimini described use of OFDM for mobile communications * 1985: [[Telebit]] Trailblazer Modem introduced a {{nowrap|512 carrier}} Packet Ensemble Protocol ({{nowrap|18 432 bit/s}}) * 1987: Alard & Lasalle: COFDM for digital broadcasting<ref name=EBU/> * 1988: In September TH-CSF LER, first experimental Digital TV link in OFDM, Paris area * 1989: OFDM international patent application<ref>{{cite patent|country=WO|number=1990004893|title=Emitter, transmission method and receiver|pubdate=1990-05-03|assign=[[Thomson-CSF]]|inventor1-last=Fouche |inventor1-first=Yvon|inventor2-last=Elleaume |inventor2-first=Philippe|inventor3-last=DE Couasnon |inventor3-first=Tristan|inventor4=TRAVERT SERGE ; MONNIER RAOUL ; HERGAULT STEPHANE}}</ref> * October 1990: TH-CSF LER, first OFDM equipment field test, 34 Mbit/s in an 8 MHz channel, experiments in Paris area * December 1990: TH-CSF LER, first OFDM test bed comparison with VSB in Princeton USA * September 1992: TH-CSF LER, second generation equipment field test, 70 Mbit/s in an 8 MHz channel, twin polarisations. Wuppertal, Germany * October 1992: TH-CSF LER, second generation field test and test bed with BBC, near London, UK * 1993: TH-CSF show in Montreux SW, 4 TV channel and one HDTV channel in a single 8 MHz channel * 1993: Morris: Experimental 150 Mbit/s OFDM wireless LAN * 1995: ETSI [[Digital Audio Broadcasting]] standard EUreka: first OFDM-based standard * 1997: ETSI [[DVB-T]] standard * 1998: Magic WAND project demonstrates OFDM modems for wireless LAN * 1999: [[IEEE 802.11a]] wireless LAN standard (Wi-Fi)<ref>{{Cite web|title=IEEE 802.11a-1999 - IEEE Standard for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems - LAN/MAN Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications: High Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz band|url=https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/802.11a/1165/|access-date=2020-12-12|website=[[IEEE]]}}</ref> * 2000: Proprietary fixed wireless access (V-OFDM, [[#FLASH-OFDM|FLASH-OFDM]], etc.) * May 2001: The [[Federal Communications Commission|FCC]] allows OFDM in the 2.4 GHz license exempt band.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://digital.sandiego.edu/sdlr/vol41/iss1/16/ |first=Ellen P. |last=Goodman |title=Spectrum Rights in the Telecosm to Come |volume=41 |issue=1 |journal=San Diego Law Review |date=2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113063944/https://digital.sandiego.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3030&context=sdlr |archive-date=2022-01-13 |url-status=live}}</ref> * 2002: [[IEEE 802.11g]] standard for wireless LAN<ref>{{Cite web|title=IEEE 802.11g-2003 - IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Further Higher Data Rate Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band|url=https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_11g-2003.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108165811/https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_11g-2003.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 8, 2019|access-date=2020-12-12|website=[[IEEE]]}}</ref> * 2004: [[IEEE 802.16]] standard for wireless MAN (WiMAX)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-10-21|title=IEEE Standard 802.16 for Global Broadband Wireless Access|url=https://www.ieee802.org/16/docs/03/S80216-03_14.pdf}}</ref> * 2004: ETSI [[DVB-H]] standard * 2004: Candidate for [[IEEE 802.15.3a]] standard for wireless PAN (MB-OFDM) * 2004: Candidate for [[IEEE 802.11n]] standard for next generation wireless LAN * 2005: OFDMA is candidate for the [[3GPP Long Term Evolution]] (LTE) air interface E-UTRA downlink. * 2007: The first complete LTE air interface implementation was demonstrated, including OFDM-MIMO, SC-FDMA and multi-user MIMO uplink<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.nortel.com/go/news_detail.jsp?cat_id=-8055&oid=100214455|title=Nortel 3G World Congress Press Release|access-date=2008-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929084100/http://www2.nortel.com/go/news_detail.jsp?cat_id=-8055&oid=100214455|archive-date=2007-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref><!-- need to update! -->
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