Editing Research and Analysis Wing (section)

===North America===

====Canada====
Kanishka Bombing case: On 23 June 1985 Air India's [[Air India Flight 182|Flight 182]] was blown up near Ireland and 329 people died. On the same day, another explosion took place at Tokyo's Narita airport's transit baggage building where baggage was being transferred from Cathay Pacific Flight No CP 003 to [[Air India Flight 301]] which was scheduled for [[Bangkok]]. Both aircraft were loaded with explosives from Canadian airports. Flight 301 got saved because of a delay in its departure. This was considered as a major setback to R&AW for failing to gather enough intelligence about the [[Babbar Khalsa|Khalistani militants]].<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/airindia/documents/tab1.pdf CBC]. Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) had obtained permission to tape Parmar's phone on the basis that he was the leader of the Babbar Khalsa. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319070406/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/airindia/documents/tab1.pdf |date=19 March 2009 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061004011415/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20060925/airindia_inquiry_060925/20060925?hub=TopStories Air India witness describes impact of wife's death]. Last visited on 12 September 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/airindia Air India In depth]. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810064513/http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/airindia |date=10 August 2006 }}</ref>

In April 2020, it was reported that R&AW and [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|IB]] had launched an extensive operation in 2009–2015, to influence the Canadian government and politicians into supporting India's interests.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6823170/canadian-politicians-targeted-indian-intelligence/|title=Canadian politicians were targets of Indian intelligence covert influence operation: document|date=17 April 2020|publisher=Global News|access-date=10 October 2023|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094608/https://globalnews.ca/news/6823170/canadian-politicians-targeted-indian-intelligence/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Canada has long being accused by India for being a safe haven for Khalistani separatists.<ref>{{cite news|title=Canada, UK remain safe havens for Khalistani terrorists, says expert|newspaper=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article-amp/news-ani/canada-uk-remain-safe-havens-for-khalistani-terrorists-says-expert-119071601004_1.html|date=19 July 2019|publisher=Business Standard|access-date=10 October 2023|archive-date=11 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411081406/https://www.business-standard.com/article-amp/news-ani/canada-uk-remain-safe-havens-for-khalistani-terrorists-says-expert-119071601004_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2020, Canada put two Sikh men on [[Passenger Protect]], the Canadian no-fly list, after [[Canadian Security Intelligence Service]] had received information from R&AW that both intended to travel to Pakistan and carry out an [[Inter-Services Intelligence|ISI]]-backed terrorist attack inside India. One of the men was identified as the son of [[Lakhbir Singh Rode]], a well-known Khalistani separatist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canadian report flags ISI using pro-Khalistan elements for terror acts in India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/canadian-report-flags-isi-using-pro-khalistan-elements-for-terror-acts-in-india/story-0i4fpUgzRHOBDFjR9XySFL.html|date=10 July 2020|publisher=Hindustan Times|access-date=10 October 2023|archive-date=4 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004143152/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/canadian-report-flags-isi-using-pro-khalistan-elements-for-terror-acts-in-india/story-0i4fpUgzRHOBDFjR9XySFL_amp.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 19 June 2023, [[Hardeep Singh Nijjar]], a prominent Khalistani leader and alleged chief of the [[Khalistan Tiger Force]] was shot to death outside the parking lot of Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara in [[Surrey, British Columbia|Surrey]], British Columbia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hardeep Nijjar is Third Pro-Khalistani Activist to Die Abroad in 45 Days, Canada Probing Motive |url=https://thewire.in/world/hardeep-singh-nijjar-killing-khalistan-speculation |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=The Wire |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630210703/https://thewire.in/world/hardeep-singh-nijjar-killing-khalistan-speculation |url-status=live }}</ref> Nijjar was accused of training and funding members of the separatist group and had been declared a terrorist by India, who put a bounty of {{INRConvert|10|l|lk=on|year=2020}} for information leading to his arrest.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-19 |title=Khalistani leader shot dead inside gurdwara in Canada |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/khalistan-leader-shot-dead-canada-b2360146.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=The Independent |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630210707/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/khalistan-leader-shot-dead-canada-b2360146.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This was heavily seen as an R&AW assassination operation by not only followers of Nijjar, but also from Canadian officials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Murder at the temple: The conflicting legacies of a B.C. Sikh leader {{!}} Globalnews.ca |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/9784316/hardeep-singh-nijjar-death-surrey-b-c/ |access-date=2023-06-30 |website=Global News |language=en-US |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919144314/https://globalnews.ca/news/9784316/hardeep-singh-nijjar-death-surrey-b-c/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Isai |first=Vjosa |date=2023-06-24 |title=Killing of Sikh Leader Raises Fears in British Columbia |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/24/world/canada/sikh-killing-british-columbia-india.html |access-date=2023-06-30 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630210703/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/24/world/canada/sikh-killing-british-columbia-india.html |url-status=live }}</ref> On 18 September 2023, Canadian Prime Minister [[Justin Trudeau]] formally accused the Indian government of the [[Extrajudicial killing|killing]] and acknowledged the expulsion of a prominent Indian diplomat responsible for R&AW activities in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Austen |first1=Ian |last2=Isai |first2=Vjosa |date=2023-09-18 |title=Justin Trudeau Accuses India in a Killing on Canadian Soil |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/18/world/canada/canada-india-sikh-killing.html |access-date=2023-09-18 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919010329/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/18/world/canada/canada-india-sikh-killing.html |url-status=live }}</ref> India rejected Canada's allegations of involvement in Nijjar's murder, calling the Canadian government's allegations "absurd and motivated", and expelled numerous Canadian diplomats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India rejects allegations by Canada |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/37125/India_rejects_allegations_by_Canada |access-date=2023-10-10 |website=www.mea.gov.in |language=english |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008193938/https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/37125/India_rejects_allegations_by_Canada |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== United States ====
On 23 November 2023, [[Financial Times|''The'' ''Financial Times'']] reported that the United States had foiled a plan to assassinate [[Gurpatwant Singh Pannun]], a Sikh separatist, on American soil.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-22 |title=US foils bid to kill Sikh terrorist Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, warns India: Report |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/world/us-thwarts-plot-to-kill-sikh-separatist-issues-warning-to-india-report-11700650091904.html |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=Livemint}}</ref> Following this, the US requested India to hold accountable those responsible for the plot. The plot in the United States coincided with the June 18 shooting death of [[Hardeep Singh Nijjar]] in Surrey, B.C., near Vancouver — an operation also linked to R&AW. Experts and officials say that the foiled assassination is part of an escalating campaign of aggression by R&AW against alleged Sikh Separatists in Asia, Europe, USA  and Canada.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ellis-Petersen |first1=Hannah |last2=Hassan |first2=Aakash |last3=Baloch |first3=Shah Meer |date=4 April 2024 |title=Indian government ordered killings in Pakistan, intelligence officials claim |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/04/indian-government-assassination-allegations-pakistan-intelligence-officials |work=The Guardian}}</ref> 

On 10 December 2023, ''The Washington Post'' reported that an R&AW officer established a fake news site to spread disinformation against critics of the [[Premiership of Narendra Modi|Modi government]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shih |first1=Gerry |last2=Ence Morse |first2=Clara |last3=Verma |first3=Pranshu |date=2023-12-11 |title=Covert Indian operation seeks to discredit Modi's critics in the U.S. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/10/india-the-disinfo-lab-discredit-critics/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211080558/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/10/india-the-disinfo-lab-discredit-critics/ |archive-date=2023-12-11 |access-date=2023-12-30 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en}}</ref> 

On 20 March 2024, ''[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]'' reported that an Indian investigation had found "rogue operative" who were not authorized by the government to be involved in the plot. Additionally, at least one person who was directly involved in the alleged assassination attempt is no longer employed by R&AW. However, India has not initiated any criminal action against them.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-20 |title=India's Probe Finds Rogue Officials Involved in US Murder Plot |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-20/india-s-probe-finds-rogue-officials-involved-in-us-murder-plot |access-date=2024-04-04 |work=Bloomberg.com}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', it is the U.S. intelligence agencies assessment that the operation targeting Pannun was approved by [[Samant Goel]], the R&AW chief at the time.<ref>{{cite news |title=An assassination plot on American soil reveals a darker side of Modi's India |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/04/29/india-assassination-raw-sikhs-modi/ |newspaper=Washington Post |date=April 29, 2024}}</ref>

On 15 October 2024 ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' reported that India has conveyed to the United States that it (India) has arrested the "rogue operative".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Prashant |date=October 15, 2024 |title=India tells US 'CC1' arrested as team heads to Washington |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-tells-us-cc1-arrested-as-team-heads-to-washington-101728933357929.html |access-date=October 15, 2024 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> The "rogue operative" had made bail in April 2024 according to [[The Indian Express|''The'' ''Indian Express'']]''.'' The "rogue operative" was arrested in an extortion case.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-19 |title=Weeks after US called him key conspirator in Pannun murder bid, Delhi Police arrested Vikash Yadav in local extortion case |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/weeks-after-us-called-him-key-conspirator-in-pannun-murder-bid-delhi-police-arrested-vikash-yadav-in-local-extortion-case-9627561/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> 

On 18 November 2024 ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' reported that the "rogue operative" had sought exemption <bdi>from physical appearance in the court citing threat to his life.</bdi><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Shekhar |date=2024-11-18 |title=Vikas Yadav to court: Exempt me from physical appearance |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2024/Nov/18/vikas-yadav-to-court-exempt-me-from-physical-appearance |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

On 15 January 2025 ''The Indian Express'' reported that an inquiry committee which was formed by the Government of India after US allegation regarding Gurpatwant Singh Pannun came to light had recommended legal action against an unnamed individual and the committee also recommended "''functional improvements in systems and procedures as well as initiation of steps that could strengthen India’s response capability, ensure systematic controls and coordinated action in dealing with matters like this''.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=Pannun assassination plot: Govt panel suggests legal action against ‘individual’ with ‘criminal links and antecedents’ |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pannun-assassination-plot-legal-action-criminal-9780314/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>