Editing Animal cognition (section)

=== Insight ===
{{See also|Reason}}
[[Wolfgang Köhler]] is usually credited with introducing the concept of insight into experimental psychology.<ref name="psycnet" />  Working with chimpanzees, Köhler came to dispute [[Edward Thorndike]]'s theory that animals must solve problems gradually, by trial and error. He said that Thorndike's animals could only use trial and error because the situation precluded other forms of problem solving. He provided chimps with a relatively unstructured situation, and he observed [[Eureka effect|sudden "ah-ha!"]] insightful changes of behavior, as, for example, when a chimp suddenly moved a box into position so that it could retrieve a banana.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Köhler W | title = Mentality of Apes | date = 1917}}</ref> More recently, Asian elephants (''Elephas maximus'') were shown to exhibit similar insightful problem solving. A male was observed moving a box to a position where it could be stood upon to reach food that had been deliberately hung out of reach.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Foerder P, Galloway M, Barthel T, Moore DE, Reiss D | title = Insightful problem solving in an Asian elephant | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 8 | pages = e23251 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21876741 | pmc = 3158079 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0023251 | veditors = Samuel A | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...623251F | doi-access = free}}</ref>