Editing Brain–computer interface (section)

===Functional brain mapping===
In 2014, some 400,000 people underwent [[brain mapping]] during neurosurgery. This procedure is often required for people who do not respond to [[medication]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Radzik I, Miziak B, Dudka J, Chrościńska-Krawczyk M, Czuczwar SJ | title = Prospects of epileptogenesis prevention | journal = Pharmacological Reports | volume = 67 | issue = 3 | pages = 663–668 | date = June 2015 | pmid = 25933984 | doi = 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.016 | s2cid = 31284248 }}</ref> During this procedure, electrodes are placed on the brain to precisely identify the locations of structures and functional areas. Patients may be awake during neurosurgery and asked to perform tasks, such as moving fingers or repeating words. This is necessary so that surgeons can remove the desired tissue while sparing other regions. Removing too much brain tissue can cause permanent damage, while removing too little can mandate additional neurosurgery.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}} 

Researchers explored ways to improve neurosurgical mapping. This work focuses largely on high gamma activity, which is difficult to detect non-invasively. Results improved methods for identifying key functional areas.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ritaccio A, Brunner P, Gunduz A, Hermes D, Hirsch LJ, Jacobs J, Kamada K, Kastner S, Knight RT, Lesser RP, Miller K, Sejnowski T, Worrell G, Schalk G | display-authors = 6 | title = Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography | journal = Epilepsy & Behavior | volume = 41 | pages = 183–192 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25461213 | pmc = 4268064 | doi = 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.09.015 }}</ref>