Editing Compulsory sterilization (section)

===Uzbekistan===
According to reports, {{as of|2012|lc=y}}, forced and coerced sterilization is the current governmental policy in [[Uzbekistan]] for women with two or three children, as a means of forcing population control and to improve maternal mortality rates.<ref name=bbc-news-2012-04-12>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17612550 BBC News: Uzbekistan's policy of secretly sterilizing women] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405112247/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17612550 |date=2015-04-05 }} [[BBC]], published 2012-04-12, accessed 2012-04-12</ref><ref name=bbc-cc-2012-04-12>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01fjx63 Crossing Continents: Forced Sterilization in Uzbekistan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903195248/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01fjx63 |date=2016-09-03 }} [[BBC]], published 2012-04-12, accessed 2012-04-12</ref><ref name=moscow-2010-03-10>[http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/uzbeks-face-forced-sterilization/401279.html Uzbeks Face Forced Sterilization] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019203218/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/uzbeks-face-forced-sterilization/401279.html |date=2013-10-19 }} [[The Moscow Times]] published 2010-03-10, accessed 2012-04-12</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Antelava |first=Natalia |date=12 April 2012 |title=Uzbekistan's policy of secretly sterilising women |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17612550 |newspaper=BBC World Service |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302071400/http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17612550 |archive-date=2 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Antelava |first=Natalia |date=12 April 2012 |title=Uzbekistan's policy of secretly sterilising women |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17612550 |newspaper=BBC World Service |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405112247/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17612550 |archive-date=5 April 2015 }}</ref> In November 2007, a report by the [[United Nations Committee Against Torture]] reported that "the large number of cases of forced sterilization and removal of reproductive organs of women at reproductive age after their first or second pregnancy indicate that the Uzbek government is trying to control the birth rate in the country" and noted that such actions were not against the national Criminal Code.<ref>[http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/omctuzbekistan39.pdf Shadow Report: UN Committee Against Torture] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109020604/http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/ngos/omctuzbekistan39.pdf |date=2014-11-09 }} [[United Nations]], authors Rapid Response Group and OMCT, published November 2007, accessed 2012-04-12</ref> In response to that, the Uzbek delegation to the associated conference was "puzzled by the suggestion of forced sterilization, and could not see how this could be enforced".<ref>[http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/DDAD7F2786699CA7C12573910072F598?opendocument Press Release: Committee Against Torture Hears Response of Uzbekistan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113184223/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/DDAD7F2786699CA7C12573910072F598?opendocument |date=2009-01-13 }} [[United Nations]], published 2007-10-12, accessed 2012-04-12</ref>

Reports of forced sterilizations, [[hysterectomy|hysterectomies]], and [[intrauterine device|IUD]]-insertions first emerged in 2005,<ref name=bbc-news-2012-04-12 /><ref name=bbc-cc-2012-04-12 /><ref name=moscow-2010-03-10 /><ref name=iwpr-2005-11-18>[http://iwpr.net/report-news/birth-control-decree-uzbekistan Birth Control by Decree in Uzbekistan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019132115/http://iwpr.net/report-news/birth-control-decree-uzbekistan |date=2013-10-19 }} [[Institute for War and Peace Reporting|IWPR Institute for War & Peace Reporting]], published 2005-11-18, accessed 2012-04-12</ref> although it is reported that the practice originated in the late 1990s,<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uzbek-women-accuse-state-of-mass-sterilizations-2028987.html Uzbek women accuse state of mass sterilizations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625061523/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/uzbek-women-accuse-state-of-mass-sterilizations-2028987.html |date=2017-06-25 }} [[The Independent]], published 2010-07-17, accessed 2012-04-12</ref> with reports of a secret decree dating from 2000.<ref name=iwpr-2005-11-18 /> The current policy was allegedly instituted by [[Islam Karimov]] under Presidential [[Decree]] PP-1096, which is titled: "on additional measures to protect the health of the mother and child, the formation of a healthy generation",<ref>[http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64549 Uzbekistan: Presidential Decree on Birth Rate Leads to Increased Sterilization | EurasiaNet.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427010426/http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64549 |date=2014-04-27 }} published 2011-11-14, accessed 2012-04-12</ref> and which came into force in 2009.<ref>[http://www.ourkids.uz/ Our Kids: EU Parliamentarians Applaud MCH Project in Uzbekistan] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326161331/http://www.ourkids.uz/ |date=2010-03-26 }}, published 2010-10-28, accessed 2012-04-12</ref> In 2005, Deputy Health Minister Assomidin Ismoilov confirmed that doctors in Uzbekistan were being held responsible for increased birth rates.<ref name=iwpr-2005-11-18 />

Based upon a report by the journalist Natalia Antelava, doctors reported that the Ministry of Health told doctors that they must perform surgical sterilizations upon women. One doctor reported: "It's ruling number 1098, and it says that after two children, in some areas after three, a woman should be sterilized.", in a loss of the former surface decency of Central Asian mores in regard of female chastity.<ref name="theworld.org">{{cite web |last=Hackel |first=Joyce |title=Doctors in Uzbekistan Say Government Forcibly Sterilizing Women |website=PRI's The World |date=12 April 2012 |url=http://www.theworld.org/2012/04/doctors-in-uzbekistan-say-government-forcibly-sterilizing-women/ |publisher=Theworld.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830133502/http://www.theworld.org/2012/04/doctors-in-uzbekistan-say-government-forcibly-sterilizing-women/ |archive-date=30 August 2013 }}</ref> In 2010, the Ministry of Health passed a decree stating all clinics in Uzbekistan should have sterilization equipment ready for use. The same report also states that sterilization is to be done on a voluntary basis with the informed consent of the patient.<ref name="theworld.org"/> In the 2010 Human Rights Report of Uzbekistan, there were many reports of forced sterilization of women along with allegations of the government pressuring doctors to sterilize women in order to control the population.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/sca/154489.htm |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Uzbekistan |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor]] |website=2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices |date=8 April 2011 |access-date=23 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320140820/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/sca/154489.htm |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Doctors also reported to Antelava that there are quotas they must reach every month on how many women they need to sterilize. These orders are passed on to them through their bosses and, allegedly, from the government.<ref name="theworld.org"/>

On 15 May 2012, during a meeting with the Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] in [[Moscow]], the Uzbek president Islam Karimov said: "we are doing everything in our hands to make sure that the population growth rate [in Uzbekistan] does not exceed 1.2–1.3"<ref name="RFE/RL">{{cite news|title="Akhborot" censors Karimov|url=http://www.ozodlik.org/content/article/24584171.html|access-date=17 May 2012|newspaper=[[RFE/RL]]'s Uzbek Service|date=17 May 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529011406/http://www.ozodlik.org/content/article/24584171.html|archive-date=29 May 2012}}</ref> The Uzbek version of [[RFE/RL]] reported that, with this statement, Karimov indirectly admitted that forced sterilization of women is indeed taking place in Uzbekistan.<ref name="RFE/RL" /> The main Uzbek television channel, called O'zbekiston, cut-out Karimov's statement about the population growth rate while broadcasting his conversation with Putin.<ref name="RFE/RL" />

Despite international agreement concerning the inhumanity and illegality of forced sterilization, it has been suggested that the government of Uzbekistan continues to pursue such programs.<ref name=bbc-news-2012-04-12 />