Editing Decompression sickness (section)

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs =

<ref name="38uhms">{{cite journal |editor-last=Vann |editor-first=Richard D |title=The Physiological Basis of Decompression |journal=38th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop. |volume=75(Phys)6–1–89 |year=1989 |page=437 }}</ref>

<ref name="45UHMS">{{cite journal | editor1-last = Moon | editor1-first = Richard E | editor2-last = Sheffield | editor2-first = Paul J | title = Treatment of Decompression Illness. 45th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop | journal = UHMS Publication Number WD712 | year = 1996 | page = 426 }}</ref>

<!-- A -->
<ref name=aaus>{{cite book |title=Proceedings of the AAUS Dive Computer Workshop |last1=Lang |first1=M.A. |last2=Hamilton |first2=R.W. Jr |year=1989 |publisher=USC Catalina Marine Science Center |location=United States |page=231 }}</ref>

<ref name="ABC news">{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-03-01/pearling-industry-marks-100-years-of-treating-divers-for-bends/6270018 |title=Pearling industry marks 100 years of treating the bends |last=Jones |first=Natalie |date=28 February 2015 |work=ABC News}}</ref>

<ref name="Ackles">{{cite journal |last=Ackles |first=K.N. |title=Blood-Bubble Interaction in Decompression Sickness |journal=Defence R&D Canada (DRDC) Technical Report |volume=DCIEM-73-CP-960 |year=1973 }}</ref>

<ref name="acott1999-hist">{{cite journal |last=Acott |first=Chris |title=A brief history of diving and decompression illness |journal=South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal |volume=29 |issue=2 |year=1999 |issn=0813-1988 |oclc=16986801 }}</ref>

<ref name="acott1999-law">{{cite journal |last=Acott |first=Chris |title=The diving "Law-ers": A brief resume of their lives |journal=South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal |volume=29 |issue=1 |year=1999 |issn=0813-1988 |oclc=16986801 }}</ref>

<ref name="albert">{{cite web |last=Buxton-Smith |first=Thomas R |title=Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge, The Tamar Rail River Crossing |date=27 April 2007 |url=http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/uploads/StudentProjects/Bridgeconference2007/conference/mainpage/Buxton_Smith_Royal_Albert_Bridge.pdf |website=Proceedings of Bridge Engineering 2 Conference 2007 |publisher=University of Bath|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528023216/http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/uploads/StudentProjects/Bridgeconference2007/conference/mainpage/Buxton_Smith_Royal_Albert_Bridge.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2016 }}</ref>

<ref name="Azzopardi and Sayer 2010">{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/36863905 |title=A review of the technical specifications of 47 models of diving decompression computer |last1=Azzopardi |first1=E. |first2=M.D.J. |last2=Sayer |year=2010 |journal=International Journal of the Society for Underwater Technology |volume=29 |issue=2 |publisher=Society for Underwater Technology |doi=10.3723/ut.29.063 |pages=63–70 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |access-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929135622/https://www.academia.edu/36863905 |url-status=live }}</ref>

<!-- B -->
<ref name="Bassett">{{cite journal |last=Bassett |first=Bruce E |title=Decompression Procedures for Flying After Diving, and Diving at Altitudes above Sea Level |journal=US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine Technical Report |volume=SAM-TR-82-47 |year=1982 }}</ref>

<ref name="Becker 2015" >{{cite web|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/08/150819-whales-dolphins-bends-decompression-sickness/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822051915/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/08/150819-whales-dolphins-bends-decompression-sickness/ |archive-date=22 August 2015 |title=Do Whales Get the Bends? |first=Rachel A. |last= Becker |date=19 August 2015 |website=news.nationalgeographic.com |publisher=National Geographic Society}}</ref>

<ref name="Behnke1935">{{cite journal |last1=Behnke |first1=Albert R |last2=Shaw |first2=Louis A |last3=Messer |first3=Anne C |last4=Thomson |first4=Robert M |last5=Motley |first5=E Preble |title=The circulatory and respiratory disturbances of acute compressed-air illness and the administration of oxygen as a therapeutic measure |journal=American Journal of Physiology |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=526–533 |date=31 January 1936 |url=http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/content/citation/114/3/526 |access-date=30 May 2010 |doi=10.1152/ajplegacy.1936.114.3.526 |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208194916/http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/content/citation/114/3/526 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="Benton">{{cite journal |last=Benton |first=BJ |title=Acute Decompression Illness (DCI): the Significance of Provocative Dive Profiles |journal=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Abstract |volume=28 |issue=Supplement |year=2001 |issn=1066-2936 |oclc=26915585 }}</ref>

<ref name="Berghage 1978">{{cite journal | last1 = Berghage | first1 = Thomas E | first2 = James Jr. | last2 = Vorosmarti | first3 = EEP | last3 = Barnard | title = Recompression treatment tables used throughout the world by government and industry | journal = US Naval Medical Research Center Technical Report | volume = NMRI-78-16 | year = 1978 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bove2009">{{cite web | url = http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec21/ch323/ch323c.html | title = Arterial Gas Embolism: Injury During Diving or Work in Compressed Air | last = Bove | first = Alfred A | date = April 2009 |work=Merck Manual Professional | publisher = Merk Sharp and Dohme | access-date =8 August 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="Boycott">{{cite journal | last1 = Boycott | first1 = A.E. | last2 = Damant | first2 = G.C.C. | last3 = Haldane | first3 = John Scott | title = Prevention of compressed air illness | journal = Journal of Hygiene | volume = 8 | pages = 342–443 | year = 1908 | doi = 10.1017/S0022172400003399 | pmid = 20474365 | issue = 3 | pmc = 2167126 }}</ref>

<ref name="Brooklyn">{{cite book | last = Smith | first = Andrew Heermance | title = The Physiological, Pathological and Therapeutical Effects of Compressed Air | year = 1886 | publisher = George S. Davis | url = https://archive.org/details/physiologicalpa00smitgoog | quote = Diving. | access-date =30 May 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="buhlmann1984">{{cite book | title = Decompression–Decompression Sickness | last = Bühlmann | first = Albert A |author-link=Albert A Bühlmann | year = 1984 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin New York | isbn = 978-0-387-13308-9 }}</ref>

<ref name="burton2004">{{cite web | last = Burton | first = Steve | title = Isobaric Counter Diffusion | publisher = ScubaEngineer | date = December 2004 | url = http://www.scubaengineer.com/isobaric_counter_diffusion.htm | access-date = 10 January 2010 | archive-date = 10 March 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090310021040/http://www.scubaengineer.com/isobaric_counter_diffusion.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>

<ref name="Butler">{{cite journal |url=http://www.divecochran.com/press_clippings/Skin_Diver/0701.html |title=The U.S. Navy Decompression Computer |first=Frank K. |last=Butler |journal=Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine |year=2001 |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=213–228 |pmid=12153150 |access-date=29 September 2022 |archive-date=7 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707194120/http://www.divecochran.com/press_clippings/Skin_Diver/0701.html }}</ref>

<ref name="Butler and Southerland 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Butler |first1=Frank K. |last2=Southerland |first2=David |title=The U.S. Navy decompression computer |journal=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=213–28 |year=2001 |pmid=12153150 }}</ref>

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<ref name="Carlsen 2017">{{cite journal |last=Carlsen |first=Agnete Weinreich |title=Frequency of decompression illness among recent and extinct mammals and "reptiles": a review |journal=The Science of Nature |date=August 2017 |volume=104 |issue=7–8 |page=56 |doi=10.1007/s00114-017-1477-1 |pmid=28656350|bibcode=2017SciNa.104...56C |s2cid=23194069 }}</ref>

<ref name="Carson">{{cite web|url=http://www.skin-diver.com/departments/gearingup/accessories/may00_computer.asp?theid=1212 |title=Dive Computer Evolution |last=Carson |first=Daryl |publisher=Skin-Diver.com |access-date=30 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728035438/http://www.skin-diver.com/departments/gearingup/accessories/may00_computer.asp?theid=1212 |archive-date=28 July 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="Cronje 2009" >{{cite journal |url=https://storage.snappages.site/eupr0m0685/assets/files/2009-Spring.pdf |title=All That Tingles Is Not Bends |last1=Cronje |first1=Frans |journal=Alert Diver |publisher=DAN Southern Africa |volume=1 |issue=2 |issn=2071-7628 |date=Spring 2009 |pages=20–24 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225063719/https://storage.snappages.site/eupr0m0685/assets/files/2009-Spring.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Cronje 2014" >{{cite AV media |people=Frans Cronje |date=5 August 2014 |title=All That Tingles Is Not Bends |medium=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8pddHb0jEuk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/8pddHb0jEuk |archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|via=YouTube |publisher=DAN Southern Africa }}{{cbignore}}</ref>

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<ref name="Daily News">{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article82474795 |title=Ocean Treasure |last=Staff |date=25 July 1904 |work=Daily News |publisher=Daily News, Perth, WA |page=6}}</ref>

<ref name="DAN1995annual">{{cite web |author=Divers Alert Network |author-link=Divers Alert Network |title=Report on Diving Accidents and Fatalities in 1995 |publisher=Divers Alert Network |year = 1997 }}</ref>

<ref name="DAN" >{{Cite web |url=https://dan.diverelearning.com/?courseNo=286 |access-date=2021-04-05 |website=dan.diverelearning.com |title=Inert Gas Exchange, Bubbles, and Decompression Theory }}</ref>
<ref name="DAN88">{{cite web | last = Dovenbarger | first = Joel A. | title = Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (1988) | publisher = [[Divers Alert Network]] | year = 1988 }}</ref>

<ref name="DANinsurance">{{cite web|url=http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/insurance/index.asp |title=DAN Insurance |year=2003 |publisher=Divers Alert Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726022451/http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/insurance/index.asp |archive-date=26 July 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Dehart">{{cite book | title = Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine: Translating Research into Clinical Applications | edition = 3rd Rev | last1 = Dehart | first1 = RL | first2 = JR | last2 = Davis | year = 2002 | publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | location = United States | isbn = 978-0-7817-2898-0 | page = 720 }}</ref>

<ref name="Delgado">{{cite book | last = Delgado | first = James | title = Misadventures of a Civil War Submarine: Iron, Guns, and Pearls | publisher = Texas A&M University Press | year = 2012 | page = 100 |isbn=978-1-60344-472-9 }}</ref>

<ref name="Desola1989">{{cite journal |last=Desola |first=J |title=Epidemiological review of 276 dysbaric diving accidents | journal = Proceedings XV Meeting European Undersea Biomedical Society | year = 1989 | page = 209 }}</ref>

<ref name="DeNoble 2005">{{cite web |title=A case-control study of decompression sickness (DCS) and arterial gas embolism (AGE) |last1=DeNoble |first1=PJ |last2=Vann |first2=RD |last3=Pollock |first3=NW |last4=Uguccioni |first4=DM |last5=Freiberger |first5=JJ |last6=Pieper |first6=CF |year=2005 |publisher=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society }}</ref>

<ref name="Doolette and Mitchell 2018" >{{cite journal |title=In-water recompression
 |journal=Diving Hyperb Med |date=June 2018 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=84–95 |last1=Doolette |first1=D.J. |last2=Mitchell |first2=S.J.
 |doi=10.28920/dhm48.2.84-95 |pmid=29888380 |pmc=6156824 }}</ref>

<!-- E -->
<ref name="Eads">{{cite journal | last = Butler | first = WP | title = Caisson disease during the construction of the Eads and Brooklyn Bridges: A review | journal = Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 445–59 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15686275 }}</ref>

<ref name="Edmonds1998">{{cite journal | last = Edmonds | first = Carl | title = Underwater oxygen for treatment of decompression sickness: A review | journal = South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | year = 1998 | issn = 0813-1988 | oclc = 16986801 }}</ref>

<ref name="Egi">{{cite journal |last1=Egi|first1=SM |last2=Brubakk |first2=Alf O |title= Diving at altitude: a review of decompression strategies |journal=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=281–300 |year=1995 |issn=1066-2936 |oclc=26915585 | pmid=7580768 }}</ref>

<ref name="Elliott">{{cite journal |last=Elliott |first=DavidH |title=Early Decompression experience: Compressed air work |journal=South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal |volume=29 |issue=1 |year=1999 |issn=0813-1988 |oclc=16986801 }}</ref>

<ref name="emed">{{cite web |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/769717-overview |title=Decompression Sickness |last=Pulley |first=Stephen A |date=27 November 2007 |website=Medscape |access-date=15 May 2010 |archive-date=8 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308011400/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/769717-overview |url-status=live }}</ref>

<!-- F -->
<ref name="FAA2005">{{cite web |url=http://www.faa.gov/pilots/safety/pilotsafetybrochures/media/dcs.pdf |title=Altitude-Induced Decompression Sickness |last1=Brown |first1=JR |last2=Antuñano |first2=Melchor J |date=14 July 2005 |work=AM-400-95/2 |publisher=Federal Aviation Administration |access-date=27 June 2010 |archive-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203141302/http://www.faa.gov/pilots/safety/pilotsafetybrochures/media/dcs.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="FAD">{{cite book |title=Flying After Diving Workshop. Proceedings of the DAN 2002 Workshop |last1=Sheffield |first1=Paul J |last2=Vann |first2=Richard D |year=2002 |publisher=Divers Alert Network |location=United States |isbn=978-0-9673066-4-3 |page=127 }}</ref>

<ref name="fatness">{{cite journal | last1 = Boycott | first1 = A.E. | first2 = G.C.C. | last2 = Damant | title = Experiments on the influence of fatness on susceptibility to caisson disease | journal = Journal of Hygiene | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 445–56 | year = 1908 | pmid = 20474366 |pmc=2167151 |doi=10.1017/S0022172400015862 }}</ref>

<ref name="fife">{{cite journal | last = Fife | first = William P | title = The use of Non-Explosive mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen for diving | volume = TAMU-SG-79-201 | journal = Texas A&M University Sea Grant | year = 1979 }}</ref>

<ref name="Francis">{{cite journal | last1 = Francis | first1 = T James R | first2 = DJ | last2 = Smith | title = Describing Decompression Illness | journal = 42nd Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop | volume = 79(DECO)5–15–91 | year = 1991 }}</ref>

<ref name="Freiberger et al 2005" >{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8110537 |title=Consensus Factors Used By Experts in the Diagnosis of Decompression Illness |first1=John J. |last1=Freiberger |first2=Sean J. |last2=Lyman |first3=Petar J. |last3=Denoble |first4=Carl F. |last4=Pieper |first5=Richard D. |last5=Vann |journal=Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine |date=January 2005 |volume=75 |issue=12 |pages=1023–8 |pmid=15619855 }}</ref>

<ref name="Fryer">{{cite book | title = Subatmospheric decompression sickness in man | last = Fryer | first = DI | year = 1969 | publisher = Technivision Services | location = England | isbn = 978-0-85102-023-5 | page = 343 }}</ref>

<!-- G -->
<ref name="Gabbitiss 2017">{{cite news |last=Gabbitiss |first=Josh |title=Even Sea Monsters Got the Bends |url=https://www.hakaimagazine.com/article-short/even-sea-monsters-got-bends |work=[[Hakai Magazine]] |date=4 October 2017 |access-date=6 October 2017 |archive-date=7 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070117/https://www.hakaimagazine.com/article-short/even-sea-monsters-got-bends }}</ref>

<ref name="Gerth">{{cite journal | last1 = Gerth | first1 = Wayne A | last2 = Vann | first2 = Richard D | title = Statistical Bubble Dynamics Algorithms for Assessment of Altitude Decompression Sickness Incidence | journal = US Air Force Technical Report | volume = TR-1995-0037 | year = 1995 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gerth2">{{cite journal | last1 = Gerth | first1 = Wayne A | first2 = VL | last2 = Ruterbusch | first3 = Edward T | last3 = Long | title = The Influence of Thermal Exposure on Diver Susceptibility to Decompression Sickness | journal = United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report | volume = NEDU-TR-06-07 | year = 2007 }}</ref>

<ref name="Goble2003">{{cite journal | last = Goble | first = Steve | title = Rebreathers | journal = Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = 98–102 | year = 2003 }}</ref>

<!-- H -->
<ref name="Hill1912">{{cite book |last=Hill |first=Leonard Erskine |location=London |publisher=Arnold |year=1912 |title=Caisson sickness, and the physiology of work in compressed air |url=https://archive.org/details/caissonsicknessp00hilluoft |quote=Leonard Erskine Hill. |access-date=30 May 2010 |isbn=978-1-113-96529-5 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hinz_20083">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Hinz B, Cheremina O, Brune K |date=February 2008 |title=Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in man |journal=FASEB Journal |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=383–90 |pmid=17884974 |doi=10.1096/fj.07-8506com |doi-access=free |s2cid=9633350 }}</ref>

<ref name="HSE Manual">{{cite web |title=HS Explorer Dive Computer Owner's Manual |date=2003 |publisher=HydroSpace Engineering, Inc. |location=St. Augustine, Florida |url=http://hs-eng.com/ |website=hs-eng.com |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050651/http://hs-eng.com/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hudson">{{cite web|title=Hudson River Tunnel|url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1348|website=Engineering Timelines|access-date=4 December 2016|archive-date=10 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010023007/http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1348|url-status=live}}</ref>

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<ref name="Karlsson">{{cite journal | last1 = Karlsson | first1 = L | first2 = D | last2 = Linnarson | first3 = M | last3 = Gennser | first4 = SL | last4 = Blogg | first5 = Peter | last5 = Lindholm | title = A case of high doppler scores during altitude decompression in a subject with a fractured arm | journal = Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine | volume = 34 | issue = Supplement | year = 2007 | issn = 1066-2936 | oclc = 26915585 }}</ref>

<ref name="Kay108">{{cite book | last1 = Kay | first1 = Edmond | first2 = Merrill P | last2 = Spencer | title = In water recompression. 48th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop | year = 1999 | publisher = Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society | location = United States | page = 108 }}</ref>

<ref name="Keays1909">{{cite journal | last = Keays | first = FJ | title = Compressed air illness, with a report of 3,692 cases | journal = Department of Medicine Publications of Cornell University Medical College | volume = 2 | pages = 1–55 | year = 1909 }}</ref>

<ref name="Kindwall1">{{cite journal | last1 = Kindwall | first1 = Eric P | first2 = A | last2 = Baz | first3 = EN | last3 = Lightfoot | first4 = Edward H | last4 = Lanphier | first5 = A | last5 = Seireg | title = Nitrogen elimination in man during decompression | journal = Undersea Biomedical Research | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 285–297 | year = 1975 | issn = 0093-5387 | oclc = 2068005 | pmid = 1226586 }}</ref>

<ref name="Kindwall2">{{cite journal |last=Kindwall |first=Eric P |title=Measurement of helium elimination from man during decompression breathing air or oxygen |journal=Undersea Biomedical Research |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=277–284 |year=1975 |issn=0093-5387 |oclc=2068005 |pmid=1226585 }}</ref>

<ref name="Kindwall 1988">{{cite web  |title=Use of the Monoplace vs. Multiplace Chamber in the Treatment of Diving Diseases. |last1=Kindwall |first1=EP |last2=Goldmann |first2=RW |last3=Thombs |first3=PA |year=1988 |work=Journal of Hyperbaric Medicine; 3(1) |publisher=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. |pages=5–10 }}</ref>

<ref name="Kitano">{{cite periodical |last=Kitano |first=Motoo |date=January 1995 |title=Pathological Aspects of Decompression Sickness |periodical=Kagoshima University Research Center South Pacific, Occasional Papers |number=25 |pages=47–59 |hdl = 10232/16803}}</ref>

<!-- L -->
<ref name="Landis">{{cite web|url=http://www.geoffreylandis.com/vacuum.html |title=Explosive Decompression and Vacuum Exposure |last=Landis |first=Geoffrey A |date=19 March 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721182306/http://www.geoffreylandis.com/vacuum.html |archive-date=21 July 2009}}</ref>

<ref name="leigh2005">{{cite journal |last1=Leigh |first1=BC |last2=Dunford |first2=Richard G |year=2005 |title=Alcohol use in scuba divers treated for diving injuries: A comparison of decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism |journal=Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research |volume=29 |issue=Supplement&nbsp;s1 |page=157A |doi=10.1111/j.1530-0277.2005.tb03524.x |url=http://depts.washington.edu/adai/pubs/pres/LeighRSAPoster.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205182117/http://depts.washington.edu/adai/pubs/pres/LeighRSAPoster.pdf |archive-date=5 December 2013 }} Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism, Santa Barbara, California, June 2005.</ref>

<ref name="LeMessurier and Hills">{{cite journal |last1=LeMessurier |first1=D. Hugh |last2=Hills |first2=Brian Andrew |title=Decompression Sickness. A thermodynamic approach arising from a study on Torres Strait diving techniques |journal=Hvalradets Skrifter |year=1965 |issue=48 |pages=54–84}}</ref>

<ref name="LondonHyp">{{cite web|title=NHS Funded Treatment |url=http://www.londonhyperbaric.com/decompression-illness/nhs-funded-treatment |publisher=London Hyperbaric Ltd |access-date=22 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721002319/http://www.londonhyperbaric.com/decompression-illness/nhs-funded-treatment |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="Longphre">{{cite journal | last1 = Longphre | first1 = John M | first2 = Petar J | last2 = DeNoble | first3 = Richard E | last3 = Moon | first4 = Richard D | last4 = Vann | first5 = John J | last5 = Freiberger | title = First aid normobaric oxygen for the treatment of recreational diving injuries | journal = Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine | volume = 34 | issue = 1 | pages = 43–49 | year = 2007 | issn = 1066-2936 | oclc = 26915585 | pmid = 17393938 }}</ref>

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<ref name="McCullogh">{{cite book | last = McCullough | first = David | title = The Great Bridge: The Epic Story of the Building of the Brooklyn Bridge | publisher = Simon & Schuster | date = June 2001 | isbn = 978-0-7432-1737-8 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=bOM93rb22YEC}}</ref>

<ref name="Medscape">{{cite journal|url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/769717-overview#a5|title=Pathophysiology|last=Staff|date=May 2014|journal=Medscape Drugs & Diseases|publisher=Medscape|pages=Organ involvement associated with decompression sickness|archive-date=8 March 2016|access-date=4 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308011400/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/769717-overview#a5|url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Miskito">{{cite web |url=https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/news-information/frontlines/open-development-development-defense/lobsters-reefs-and-livelihoods |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422185042/https://2012-2017.usaid.gov/news-information/frontlines/open-development-development-defense/lobsters-reefs-and-livelihoods |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 April 2018 |title=Lobsters, Reefs and Livelihoods |last=Best |first=Barbara |date=September–October 2013 |website=FrontLines |publisher=[[U.S. Agency for International Development]]}}</ref>

<ref name="Mitchell et al 2018" >{{cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=S.J. |last2=Bennett |first2=M.H. |last3=Bryson |first3=P. |last4=Butler |first4=F.K. |last5=Doolette |first5=D.J.
 |last6=Holm |first6=J.R. |last7=Kot |first7=J. |last8=Lafère |first8=P. |title=Pre-hospital management of decompression illness: expert review of key principles and controversies |journal=Diving Hyperb Med |date=31 March 2018 |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=45–55 |doi=10.28920/dhm48.1.45-55 |pmid=29557102 |pmc=6467826 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Moon">{{cite journal | last1 = Moon | first1 = Richard E | first2 = Joseph | last2 = Kisslo | title = PFO and decompression illness: An update | journal = South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | year = 1998 | issn = 0813-1988 | oclc = 16986801 }}</ref>

<ref name="Moon1998">{{cite journal |last1=Moon |first1=Richard E |first2=Joseph |last2=Kisslo |title=PFO and decompression illness: An update |journal=South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal |volume=28 |issue=3 |year=1998 |issn=0813-1988 |oclc=16986801 }}</ref>

<ref name="MoonSPUMS98">{{cite journal | last = Moon | first = Richard E | title = Assessment of patients with decompression illness | journal = South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal | year = 1998 | volume = 28 | issue = 1 }}</ref>

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<ref name="NASA1999">{{cite journal | last1 = Robinson | first1 = RR | last2 = Dervay | first2 = JP | last3 = Conkin | first3 = Johnny | title = An Evidenced-Based Approach for Estimating Decompression Sickness Risk in Aircraft Operations | journal = NASA STI Report Series | volume = NASA/TM – 1999–209374 | url = http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/TM-1999-209374.pdf | access-date = 18 May 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081030231947/http://ston.jsc.nasa.gov/collections/TRS/_techrep/TM-1999-209374.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2008}}</ref>

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<ref name="O'Dowd2000">{{cite web|url=http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/uptodate/critical%20care/embolic%20disease/air%20embolism.htm |title=Air embolism |last1=O'Dowd |first1=Liza C |last2=Kelley |first2=Mark A |date=October 2000 |work=Chinese Medical Biotechnology Information Network |publisher=Peking University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717210438/http://cmbi.bjmu.edu.cn/uptodate/critical%20care/embolic%20disease/air%20embolism.htm |archive-date=17 July 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="Ohta1974">{{cite journal | last1 = Ohta | first1 = Yoshimi | last2 = Matsunaga | first2 = Hitoshi | title = Bone lesions in divers | journal = Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery | volume = 56B | issue = 1 | pages = 3–15 | date = February 1974 | url = http://www.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/content/abstract/56-B/1/3 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20110724153906/http://www.jbjs.org.uk/cgi/content/abstract/56-B/1/3 | archive-date = 2011-07-24 | access-date = 18 May 2010 }}</ref>

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<ref name="Papadopoulou 2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Papadopoulou | first1 = Virginie | last2 = Eckersley | first2 = Robert J | last3 = Balestra | first3 = Costantino | last4 = Karapantsios | first4 =Thodoris D  | last5 = Tang | first5 = Meng-Xing | year = 2013 | title = A critical review of physiological bubble formation in hyperbaric decompression | journal = Advances in Colloid and Interface Science | volume = 191–192 | issue = 191–192 | pages = 22–30 | doi = 10.1016/j.cis.2013.02.002| pmid = 23523006 | hdl = 10044/1/31585 | s2cid = 34264173 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>

<ref name="pde">{{cite web|url=http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/research/projects/pde/overview.asp |title=Project Dive Exploration: Project Overview |publisher=Divers Alert Network |year=2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613061501/http://diversalertnetwork.org/research/projects/pde/overview.asp |archive-date=13 June 2010}}</ref>

<ref name="Phillips1998">{{cite book |last=Phillips |first=John L |title=The bends: compressed air in the history of science, diving, and engineering |date=1998 |publisher=Yale University Press |location=New Haven, CT |isbn=978-0-300-07125-2 |pages=95–97}}</ref>

<ref name="Piantadosi and Thalmann 2004" >{{cite journal|journal=Nature |date=15 April 2004 |volume=428 | issue = 6984 | page=716 |last1=Piantadosi |first1=CA |last2=Thalmann |first2=E. D. | title=Pathology: whales, sonar and decompression sickness. |pmid= 15085881 | doi=10.1038/nature02527a|s2cid=4391838 }}</ref>

<ref name="Pilmanis">{{cite journal |last=Pilmanis |first=Andrew A |title = The Proceedings of the Hypobaric Decompression Sickness Workshop | journal = US Air Force Technical Report | volume = AL-SR-1992-0005 | year = 1990 }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid1249001">{{cite journal |last=Spencer |first=M.P. |title=Decompression limits for compressed air determined by ultrasonically detected blood bubbles |journal=[[Journal of Applied Physiology]] |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=229–35 |date=February 1976 |pmid=1249001 |doi=10.1152/jappl.1976.40.2.229 }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid12562679">{{cite journal | last1 = Doolette | first1 = David J | author2-link = Simon Mitchell | last2 = Mitchell | first2 = Simon J | title = Biophysical basis for inner ear decompression sickness | journal = Journal of Applied Physiology | year = 2003 | volume = 94 | issue = 6 | pages = 2145–50 | pmid = 12562679 | doi=10.1152/japplphysiol.01090.2002  }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid13850667">{{cite journal | last1 = Golding | first1 = F Campbell | last2 = Griffiths | first2 = P | last3 = Hempleman | first3 = HV | last4 = Paton | first4 = WDM | last5 = Walder | first5 = DN | title = Decompression sickness during construction of the Dartford Tunnel | journal = British Journal of Industrial Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 167–80 |date=July 1960 | pmid = 13850667 |pmc=1038052 | doi=10.1136/oem.17.3.167}}</ref>

<ref name="pmid14620473">{{cite journal | last1 = Pollock | first1 = Neal W | last2 = Natoli | first2 = Michael J | last3 = Gerth | first3 = Wayne A | last4 = Thalmann | first4 = Edward D | last5 = Vann | first5 = Richard D | title = Risk of decompression sickness during exposure to high cabin altitude after diving | journal = Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine | volume = 74 | issue = 11 | pages = 1163–68 |date=November 2003 | pmid = 14620473 | url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asma/asem/2003/00000074/00000011/art00006 | access-date =18 May 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid17672177">{{cite journal | last1 = Vann | first1 = Richard D | last2 = Pollock | first2 = Neal W | last3 = Freiberger | first3 = John J | last4 = Natoli | first4 = Michael J | last5 = Denoble | first5 = Petar J | last6 = Pieper | first6 = Carl F | title = Influence of bottom time on preflight surface intervals before flying after diving | journal = Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine | volume = 34 | issue = 3 | pages = 211–20 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17672177 }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid6490468">{{cite journal |last1=Weathersby |first1=Paul K. |last2=Homer |first2=Louis D. |last3=Flynn |first3=Edward T. |title=On the likelihood of decompression sickness |journal=Journal of Applied Physiology |volume=57 |issue=3 |pages=815–25 |date=September 1984 | pmid=6490468 |doi=10.1152/jappl.1984.57.3.815 }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid889546">{{cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=Jefferson C. |last2=Sheffield |first2=Paul J. |last3=Schuknecht |first3=L. |last4=Heimbach |first4=R.D. |last5=Dunn |first5=J.M. |last6=Douglas |first6=G. |last7=Anderson |first7=G.K. |title=Altitude decompression sickness: hyperbaric therapy results in 145 cases |journal=Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine |volume=48 |issue=8 |pages=722–30 |date=August 1977 |pmid=889546 }}</ref>

<ref name="Pollock 2023" >{{cite conference |url=https://gue.tv/programs/thermal-management-rebreather-diving-safety-ccr-performance |conference=Rebreather Forum 4 |title=Thermal Management |first=Neal |last=Pollock |date=20–22 April 2023 |website=gue.tv |location=Valletta, Malta |access-date=30 April 2024 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430073010/https://gue.tv/programs/thermal-management-rebreather-diving-safety-ccr-performance |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Pollock 2023b" >{{cite web |url=https://indepthmag.com/what-is-undeserved-in-undeserved-decompression-sickness/ |title=What is Undeserved in “Undeserved Decompression Sickness”? |first=Neal W. |last=Pollock |date=31 May 2023 |website=InDepth |publisher=GUE |access-date=22 March 2025 |archive-date=22 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322162619/https://indepthmag.com/what-is-undeserved-in-undeserved-decompression-sickness/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name=Pyle>{{cite journal |last1=Pyle |first1=R.L. |first2=D.A. |last2=Youngblood |title=In-water Recompression as an emergency field treatment of decompression illness |journal=AquaCorp |volume=11 |year=1995 }}</ref>
 
<ref name="Pyle1995">{{cite journal | last1 = Pyle | first1 = Richard L | first2 = David A | last2 = Youngblood | title = In-water Recompression as an emergency field treatment of decompression illness | journal = AquaCorp | volume = 11 | year = 1995 }}</ref>

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<ref name="RRR1181">{{cite journal | last = Powell | first = Michael R | year = 2002 | journal = Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine | volume = Supplement | issue = abstract | title = Decompression limits in commercial aircraft cabins with forced descent }}</ref>

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<ref name="Sciencemag 2007">{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/why-do-whales-get-bends |title=Why Do Whales Get the Bends? |date=14 December 2007 |website=www.sciencemag.org |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science}}</ref>

<ref name="Scott 1931">{{cite book | last = Scott | first = David | title = Seventy fathoms deep with the divers of the salvage ship Artiglio | year = 1931 | publisher = Faber & Faber | location = London}}</ref>

<ref name="Scott 1932">{{cite book | last = Scott | first = David | title = The Egypt's Gold | year = 1932 | publisher = Faber & Faber | location = London}}</ref>

<ref name="Spira 1999">{{cite journal |title=Diving and Marine Medicine Review. Part II: Diving Diseases |first=Alan |last=Spira |journal=Journal of Travel Medicine |volume=6 |issue= 3|pages=180–98 |date=1999 |doi=10.1111/j.1708-8305.1999.tb00857.x |pmid=10467155 |doi-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=December 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<ref name="Statpearls" >{{cite web |title=Aerospace Decompression Illness |first1=Richard A. |last1=de la Cruz |first2=Roselyn W. |last2=Clemente Fuentes |first3= Sundonia J. |last3=Wonnum |first4=Jeffrey S. |last4=Cooper |date=27 June 2022 |access-date=2 October 2022 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448160/ |publisher=National Library of Medicine |pmid=28846248}}</ref>

<ref name="Stephenson">{{cite journal |last=Stephenson |first=Jeffrey |year=2016 |title=Pathophysiology, treatment and aeromedical retrieval of SCUBA – related DCI |journal=Journal of Military and Veterans' Health |volume=17 |issue=3 |issn=1839-2733 |url=http://jmvh.org/article/pathophysiology-treatment-and-aeromedical-retrieval-of-scuba-related-dci/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223104343/http://jmvh.org/article/pathophysiology-treatment-and-aeromedical-retrieval-of-scuba-related-dci/ |archive-date=23 December 2017}}</ref>

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<ref name="tanner">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts115/interview_tanner.html |title=Preflight Interview: Joe Tanner |first=Amiko |last=Nevills |publisher=NASA |year=2006 |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-date=12 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512135522/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/sts115/interview_tanner.html }}</ref>

<ref name="TdiDpm">{{cite book |publisher=[[Technical Diving International|TDI]] |title=Decompression Procedures Manual |edition=Rev 1c |page=38}} </ref>

<ref name="ThalmannDAN">{{cite web |url=http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=65 |title=Decompression Illness: What Is It and What Is The Treatment? |last=Thalmann |first=Edward D |publisher=Divers Alert Network |date=March–April 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613064055/http://diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=65 |archive-date=13 June 2010 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Physician and Sportsmedicine 20103">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Warden SJ |date=April 2010 |title=Prophylactic use of NSAIDs by athletes: a risk / benefit assessment |journal=The Physician and Sportsmedicine |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=132–8 |pmid=20424410 |doi=10.3810/psm.2010.04.1770|s2cid=44567896 }}</ref>

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<ref name=uhms>{{cite conference |last1=Kay |first1=E. |first2=M.P. |last2=Spencer |title=In water recompression  |work=48th Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop |year=1999 |publisher=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
|volume=UHMS Publication Number RC103.C3 |location=United States |page=108 }}</ref>

<ref name="uhms33">{{cite journal |editor-last=Brauer |editor-first=RW |title=Hydrogen as a Diving Gas |journal=33rd Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop |issue=UHMS Publication Number 69(WS–HYD)3–1–87 |year=1985 }}</ref>

<ref name="UHMS43_Bennett">{{cite journal | author1-link = Peter B. Bennett | last1 = Bennett | first1 = Peter B | last2 = Dovenbarger | first2 = Joel A | last3 = Corson | first3 = Karen | editor1-last = Nashimoto | editor1-first = I | editor2-last = Lanphier | editor2-first = EH | title = Epidemiology of Bends - What is Bends? | journal = 43rd Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop | volume = 80(BENDS)6–1–91 | year = 1991 | pages = 13–20 }}</ref>

<ref name="UKDMC" >{{cite web |url=https://www.ukdmc.org/medical-conditions/immersion-pulmonary-oedema/ |title=Immersion Pulmonary Oedema |website=www.ukdmc.org |access-date=6 June 2022 |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921233223/https://www.ukdmc.org/medical-conditions/immersion-pulmonary-oedema/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="usn520-3.1">{{cite book | author = U.S. Navy Supervisor of Diving | title = U.S. Navy Diving Manual | version = SS521-AG-PRO-010, revision 6 | year = 2008 | publisher = U.S. Naval Sea Systems Command | url = http://supsalv.org/pdf/DiveMan_rev6.pdf | access-date = 18 May 2010 | volume = 5 | pages = 20–25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110305032723/http://www.supsalv.org/pdf/DiveMan_rev6.pdf | archive-date = 5 March 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="USNDM Table 6">{{cite book | author = U.S. Navy Supervisor of Diving | title = U.S. Navy Diving Manual | version = SS521-AG-PRO-010, revision 6 | year = 2008 | publisher = U.S. Naval Sea Systems Command | url = http://supsalv.org/pdf/DiveMan_rev6.pdf | access-date = 15 May 2010 | volume = 5 | section = Chapter&nbsp;20: Diagnosis and Treatment of Decompression Sickness and Arterial Gas Embolism | page = 41 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110305032723/http://www.supsalv.org/pdf/DiveMan_rev6.pdf | archive-date = 5 March 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="USNDM2008">{{cite book | author = U.S. Navy Supervisor of Diving | title = U.S. Navy Diving Manual | version = SS521-AG-PRO-010, revision 6 | year = 2008 | publisher = U.S. Naval Sea Systems Command | url = http://supsalv.org/pdf/DiveMan_rev6.pdf | access-date = 15 May 2010 | volume = 5 | section = Chapter&nbsp;20: Diagnosis and Treatment of Decompression Sickness and Arterial Gas Embolism | page = 37 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110305032723/http://www.supsalv.org/pdf/DiveMan_rev6.pdf | archive-date = 5 March 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="USNrecompression">{{cite journal | author-link = Edward D. Thalmann | last = Thalmann | first = Edward D | editor1-last = Bennett | editor1-first = Peter B | editor2-last = Moon | editor2-first = Richard E | title = Principles of U.S Navy recompression treatments for decompression sickness - Diving Accident Management | journal = 41st Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Workshop | volume = 78(DIVACC)12–1–90 | year = 1990 }}</ref>

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<ref name="Van der Aue et al 1945" >{{cite report |first1=O.E. |last1=Van der Aue |first2=W.A. Jr |last2=White |first3=R. |last3=Hayter |first4=E.S. |last4=Brinton |first5=R.J. |last5=Kellar |first6=A.R. |last6=Behnke |date=26 April 1945 |title=Physiological factors underlying the prevention and treatment of decompression sickness |work=Project X-443, Report no.1 |publisher=U.S. Naval Medical Research Institute |location=Bethesda, Md }}</ref>

<ref name="Vann 1989">{{cite conference |editor1-last=Vann |editor1-first=R.D. |year=1989 |title=The Physiological basis of decompression: an overview |pages=1–10 |work=Proceedings of the thirty-eighth undersea and hyperbaric medical society workshop |publisher=Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society |location=Bethesda, Maryland }}</ref>

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<ref name="Vann2">{{cite journal | last1 = Vann | first1 = Richard D | first2 = JR | last2 = Torre-Bueno | title = A theoretical method for selecting space craft and space suit atmospheres | journal = Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine | volume = 55 | issue = 12 | pages = 1097–1102 | year = 1984 | issn = 0095-6562 | pmid = 6151391 }}</ref>

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<ref name="Walder">{{cite journal | last = Walder | first = Dennis N | title = The Surface Tension of the Blood Serum in 'Bends' | journal = Royal Air Force Technical Report | year = 1945 }}</ref>

<ref name="Walker and Murphy-Lavoie" >{{cite book |title=Diving In Water Recompression |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493220/ |first1=J.R. III |last1=Walker |first2=Heather M. |last2=Murphy-Lavoie |access-date=26 September 2022 |date=10 May 2022 |publisher=StatPearls |pmid=29630272 }}</ref>

<ref name="webb1989">{{Cite journal | last1 = Webb | first1 = James T | last2 = Olson | first2 = RM | last3 = Krutz | first3 = RW | last4 = Dixon | first4 = G | last5 = Barnicott | first5 = PT | title = Human tolerance to 100% oxygen at 9.5 psia during five daily simulated 8-hour EVA exposures | journal = Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine | volume = 60 | issue = 5 | pages = 415–21 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2730484 | doi=10.4271/881071}}</ref>

<ref name="Wienke2002">{{cite web |url=http://www.tek-dive.com/portal/upload/deep.pdf | title=Deep stops and deep helium |last1=Wienke |first1=Bruce R |last2=O'Leary |first2=Timothy R |date=10 October 2002 |work=RGBM Technical Series 9 |publisher=NAUI Technical Diving Operations |location=Tampa, Florida |access-date=27 June 2010 | archive-date=16 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716202912/http://www.tek-dive.com/portal/upload/deep.pdf }}</ref>

<ref name="Wilson 2011">{{cite journal | last1 = Wilson | first1 = Colin M | last2 = Sayer | first2 = Martin DJ | title = Transportation of divers with decompression illness on the west coast of Scotland | journal = Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine | year = 2011 | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 64–9 | pmid = 21848109 }}</ref>

<ref name="Wong1999">{{cite journal | last = Wong | first = RM | title = Taravana revisited: Decompression illness after breath-hold diving | journal = South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal | volume = 29 | issue = 3 | year = 1999 | issn = 0813-1988 | oclc = 16986801 }}</ref>

<ref name="Workman57">{{cite journal | last = Workman | first = Robert D | title = Calculation of air saturation decompression tables | year = 1957 | journal = Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report | volume = NEDU-RR-11-57 }}</ref>

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<ref name="Yarbrough1939">{{cite journal | last1 = Yarbrough | first1 = OD | first2 = Albert R | last2 = Behnke | author2-link = Albert R. Behnke | title = The treatment of compressed air illness using oxygen | journal = Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology | volume = 21 | pages = 213–18 | year = 1939 | issn = 0095-9030 }}</ref>

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