Editing Etruscan language (section)

===Verbs===
Verbs had an [[indicative mood]], an [[imperative mood]] and others. Tenses were [[Present tense|present]] and [[Past tense|past]]. The past tense had an [[active voice]] and a [[grammatical voice|passive voice]].

====Present active====
Etruscan used a verbal root with a zero suffix or ''-a'' without distinction to number or person: {{Transliteration|ett|ar}}'','' {{Transliteration|ett|ar-a}}, 'he, she, we, you, they make'.

====Past or preterite active====
Adding the suffix {{Transliteration|ett|-(a)ce'}} to the verb root produces a third-person singular active, which has been called variously a "past", a "preterite", a "perfect." In contrast to Indo-European, this form is not marked for [[Grammatical person|person]]. Examples: {{Transliteration|ett|tur}} 'gives, dedicates' versus {{Transliteration|ett|tur-ce}} 'gave, dedicated'; {{Transliteration|ett|sval}} 'lives' versus {{Transliteration|ett|sval-ce}} 'lived'.

====Past passive====
The third-person past passive is formed with -che: {{Transliteration|ett|mena/mena-ce/mena-che}}, 'offers/offered/was offered'.

====Imperative mood====

The imperative was formed with the simple, uninflected root of the verb: {{Transliteration|ett|tur}} 'dedicate!', {{Transliteration|ett|σ́uθ}} 'put!', {{Transliteration|ett|trin}} 'speak!' and {{Transliteration|ett|nunθen}} 'invoke!').

The imperative {{Transliteration|ett|capi}} 'take, steal' is found in anti‐theft inscriptions:

::{{Transliteration|ett|mi χuliχna cupe.s. .a.l.θ.r.nas .e.i minipi '''c̣api'''...}} (Cm 2.13; fifth century BC)
::'I (am) the bowl of Cupe Althr̥na. Don't '''steal''' me!'<ref name="Language, Alphabet, and Linguistic Affiliation"/>

====Other modals====

Verbs with the suffix ''‐a'' indicated the [[jussive mood]], with the force of commanding, or exhorting (within a subjunctive framework).

::{{Transliteration|ett|ein θui '''ara''' enan}}
::'No one '''should put/make''' (?) anything here ({{Transliteration|ett|θui}}).'

Verbs ending in ''‐ri'' referred to obligatory activities:

::{{Transliteration|ett|celi . huθiσ . zaθrumiσ . flerχva . neθunσl . '''σucri . θezeric'''}}
::'On September twenty six, victims must be '''offered''' (?) and '''sacrificed''' (?) to Nethuns.'<ref name="Language, Alphabet, and Linguistic Affiliation"/>

====Participles====
Verbs formed participles in a variety of ways, among the most frequently attested being ''-u'' in {{Transliteration|ett|lup-u}} 'dead' from {{Transliteration|ett|lup-}} 'die'.

Participles could also be formed with ''‐θ''. These referred to activities that were contemporaneous with that of the main verb: {{Transliteration|ett|trin‐θ}} '(while) speaking', {{Transliteration|ett|nunθen‐θ}} '(while) invoking', and {{Transliteration|ett|heχσ‐θ}} '(while) pouring (?)'.<ref name="Language, Alphabet, and Linguistic Affiliation"/>