Editing Human shield (section)

==Voluntary human shields==
{{See also|Human shields (law)#Voluntary and involuntary}}

=== Decolonization of India ===
Indian revolutionary [[Mahatma Gandhi]] is credited with creating the concept of human shield as a tool of resistance.<ref name="Gordon Perugini" />{{rp|4–5}}<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |title=Hamas' use of human shields in Gaza |url=https://stratcomcoe.org/cuploads/pfiles/hamas_human_shields.pdf |journal=NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence}}</ref><ref name=":12">James Pamment, Vladimir Sazonov, Francesca Granelli, Sean Aday, Māris Andžāns, Una Bērziņa-Čerenkova, John-Paul Gravelines, Mils Hills, Irene Martinez-Sanchez, Mariita Mattiisen, Holger Molder, Yeganeh Morakabati, Aurel Sari, Gregory Simons, Jonathan Terra, [https://stratcomcoe.org/publications/hybrid-threats-hamas-use-of-human-shields-in-gaza/87 Hybrid Threats: Hamas' use of human shields in Gaza]  Nato Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, 5 June 2019 pp.147–169, 152</ref>

===Anti-war activists===
In recent years civilians have volunteered to serve as "human shields" to prevent military conflict. In January 2003, [[Opposition to the Iraq War|anti-war]] activists organised [[Human shield action to Iraq|Human Shield Action to Iraq]] in advance of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|March 2003 invasion]]. Ultimately, Human Shield Action brought 200 people to Iraq. Many of them left as they ran out of money and the likelihood of war became greater.<ref>"[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/03/02/wshiel02.xml&sSheet=/news/2003/03/02/ixnewstop.html Human shield Britons quit Baghdad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226001755/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2003%2F03%2F02%2Fwshiel02.xml&sSheet=%2Fnews%2F2003%2F03%2F02%2Fixnewstop.html |date=February 26, 2008}}", ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'', March 2, 2003.</ref><ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/04/sprj.irq.human.shields/ UK bus owner defends Iraq trip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050327164841/http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/04/sprj.irq.human.shields/ |date=March 27, 2005}}", [[CNN]].com, March 4, 2003.</ref> Several of these human shields had to be rescued by U.S. Marines after Iraqis threatened them for opposing the invasion of their country.<ref>Coughlin, Jack; Kuhlman, Casey; and, Donald A. Davis. [https://books.google.com/books?id=cl5GSURUV3sC&pg=PP1 Shooter: The Autobiography of the Top-Ranked Marine Sniper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718030652/https://books.google.cl/books?id=cl5GSURUV3sC&lpg=PP1&hl=es&pg=PP1 |date=July 18, 2018}}. St.&nbsp;Martin's Press, (2005).</ref> {{unreliable source?|date=June 2023}}

===Pro-Palestinian activists===
[[Rabbis for Human Rights]] agreed to act as "human shields" during the annual olive harvest to protect Palestinian villages from settlers.<ref>[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1026228.html "Settlers clash with rabbis guarding Palestinian olive harvest near Hebron"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206000936/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1026228.html |date=December 6, 2008}} Haaretz, October 13, 2008 Associated Press.</ref> [[Rachel Corrie]] and [[Tom Hurndall]], Western [[International Solidarity Movement]] (ISM) volunteers in the [[Palestinian territories]], who died in 2003 and 2004 respectively have been described as "human shields" campaigning against house demolition. ISM, however, strongly takes offence at the use of the term ''human shield'' to describe their work, preferring it be used only to refer to when armed combatants uses civilians as shields.<ref>"[http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article1464.shtml ISM report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705153618/http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article1464.shtml |date=July 5, 2008}}", May 5, 2003.</ref>{{bsn|date=December 2024}} Not even Amnesty International defines volunteer activist's actions or activist's actions for non-military property as "human shields", and regards only the direction of "specific civilians to remain in their homes as "human shields" for fighters, munitions, or military equipment" as "human shields".<ref name="MDE 15/017/2014">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/017/2014/en/ "Document - Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories: Israel/Gaza conflict"]. Amnesty International. July 2014.</ref> According to the 3 definitions in the header of this article the 'volunteers to protect Palestinians' make them not "human shields outside the battlefield" but protesters or ordinary pro-Palestinian demonstrants.