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Hummingbird
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===Olfaction=== While hummingbirds rely primarily on vision and hearing to assess competition from bird and insect foragers near food sources, they may also be able to detect by [[olfaction|smell]] the presence in nectar of insect defensive chemicals (such as [[formic acid]]) and aggregation [[pheromone]]s of foraging ants, which discourage feeding.<ref name="kim21">{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Ashley Y. |last2=Rankin |first2=David T. |last3=Rankin |first3=Erin E. Wilson |year=2021 |title=What is that smell? Hummingbirds avoid foraging on resources with defensive insect compounds |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |volume=75 |issue=9 |page=132 |doi=10.1007/s00265-021-03067-4 |issn=0340-5443 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2021BEcoS..75..132K }}</ref>
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