Open main menu
Home
Random
Recent changes
Special pages
Community portal
Preferences
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Incubator escapee wiki
Search
User menu
Talk
Dark mode
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Editing
Japanese grammar
(section)
Warning:
You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you
log in
or
create an account
, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
====Coordinating: {{lang|ja|と}} {{transliteration|ja|to}}, {{lang|ja|に}} {{transliteration|ja|ni}}, {{lang|ja|よ}} {{transliteration|ja|yo}}==== The particle {{nihongo||と|to}} is used to set off quotations. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 |「殺して… 殺して」 と あの 子 は 言っていた。 |"koroshite… koroshite" to ano ko wa itteita |The girl was saying, "Kill me… kill me."}}<!--Could a less violent example be used in an encyclopedia?--> {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 |猫 が ニャー ニャー と 鳴く。 |neko ga NYĀ NYĀ to naku |The cat says meow, meow.}} It is also used to indicate a manner of similarity, "as if", "like" or "the way". {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 |彼 は 「愛してる よ」 と 言って、 ぽっくり '''と''' 死んだ。 |kare wa "aishiteru yo" to itte, pokkuri '''to''' shinda |He said "I love you," and dropped dead.}} In a related conditional use, it functions like "after/when", or "upon". {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 |雨 が 上がる と、 子ども達 は 授業 を 忘れて、 日 の 当たっている 水たまり の 誘惑 に 夢中 に なる。 |ame ga agaru to, kodomo-tachi wa jugyō o wasurete, hi no atatteiru mizutamari no yūwaku ni muchū ni naru |Rain stops and then: children, forgetting their lessons, give in to the temptation of sun-faced puddles.}} {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 |国境 の 長い トンネル を 抜ける と 雪国 で あった。 |kokkyō no nagai TONNERU o nukeru to, yukiguni de atta |(The train) came out of the long border tunnel (and then) into the snow country.}} Finally it is used with verbs like {{nihongo|''to meet (with)''|会う|au}} or {{nihongo|''to speak (with)''|話す|hanasu}}. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 |ジョン が メアリー と 初めて 会った の は、 1942 年 の 春 の 夕暮れ時 の こと だった。 |JON ga MEARI to hajimete atta no wa, 1942 nen no haru no yūguredoki no koto datta |John met Mary for the first time on a dusky afternoon of spring in 1942.}} This last use is also a function of the particle {{nihongo||に|ni}}, but {{transliteration|ja|to}} indicates reciprocation which {{transliteration|ja|ni}} does not. : {{lang|ja|ジョンはメアリーと恋愛している。(usually say ジョンはメアリーと付き合っている。)}} : {{transliteration|ja|JON wa MEARI[II] to ren'ai shite iru (JON wa MEARI[II] to tsukiatte iru)}} : John and Mary are in love. : {{lang|ja|ジョンはメアリーに恋愛している。(usually say ジョンはメアリーに恋している。)}} : {{transliteration|ja|JON wa MEARI[II] ni ren'ai shite iru (JON wa MEARI[II] ni koi shite iru)}} : John loves Mary (but Mary might not love John back). Finally, the particle {{nihongo||よ|yo}} is used in a hortative or vocative sense. {{fs interlinear|lang=ja|indent=3 |可愛い 娘 よ、 私 に 顔 を しかめるな。 |kawaii musume yo, watashi ni kao o shikameruna |Oh my beloved daughter, don't frown at me so!}}
Edit summary
(Briefly describe your changes)
By publishing changes, you agree to the
Terms of Use
, and you irrevocably agree to release your contribution under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 License
and the
GFDL
. You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution under the Creative Commons license.
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)