Editing List of ZX Spectrum clones (section)

===Soviet/Russian===

==== ALF TV Game ====
A game console based on the ZX Spectrum 48, developed by the Brest Special Design Bureau "Zapad" and produced by the " Tsvetotron " plant. Cartridges are a board with ROM chips and a page decoder (the cartridge is accessed through 16K pages).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-01 |title=Jeu vidéo : sur les traces de l'Alf, la console soviétique oubliée |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/pixels/article/2020/01/01/jeu-video-sur-les-traces-de-l-alf-la-console-sovietique-oubliee_6024541_4408996.html |access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref>

==== AZX-Monstrum ====
A Spectrum-compatible computer based on the [[Zilog Z380]] (a 32-bit version of the Z80, capable of running at 40&nbsp;MHz). Development started in 1999 and was abandoned in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Новый Speccy - AZX-Monstrum! |url=http://users.i.com.ua/~sxxxpert/rux/art1/art36.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703212839/http://users.i.com.ua/~sxxxpert/rux/art1/art36.html |archive-date=2008-07-03 }}</ref>

==== Anbelo/C ====
Produced as a kit for assembly and as a finished computer by the Research Institute of Precision Technology ([[Zelenograd]]), the [[Angstrem (company)|Angstrem]] plant and the Anbelo MGP ([[Belozersky District, Vologda Oblast|Belozersky]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=SBLive.narod.ru - ANBELO-C |url=http://sblive.narod.ru/ZX-Spectrum/ANBELO-C/ANBELO-C.htm |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=sblive.narod.ru}}</ref>

==== Arus ====
The '''Arus''' (ru: Арус) is a ZX Spectrum clone based on the Pentagon. Developed in the early 1990s it was produced at the Iset plant in [[Kamensk-Uralsky]]. It has supports the Russian language in the BASIC interpreter and TR-DOS operating system.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speccy.info/w/images/6/68/Arus_shema_%28devel%29.png|title=Arus schematic}}</ref>

==== ATM Turbo ====
{{Main|ATM (computer)}}
The '''ATM''' '''Turbo''' (ru: '''АТМ-ТУРБО''') was developed in [[Moscow]] in 1991 by two companies: MicroArt and ATM. It featured a 7&nbsp;MHz [[Z80]] processor, 1024&nbsp;KB [[RAM]], 128&nbsp;KB [[Read-only memory|ROM]], [[AY-3-8910|AY-8910]] sound chip (two were fitted in upgraded models), [[8-bit]] [[Digital-to-analog converter|DAC]], 8-channel [[Analog-to-digital converter|ADC]], [[RS-232]] and [[Centronics]] ports, [[Beta Disk Interface]], [[Advanced Technology Attachment|IDE]] interface, [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|AT]]/[[IBM PC XT|XT]] keyboard, text mode (80×25, 16 possible colours in an 8×8 pattern), and two additional resolutions of 320&nbsp;x&nbsp;200 and 640&nbsp;x&nbsp;200 pixels. A substantial part of the ATM design was transferred to the Baseconf core of the ZX-Evolution computer.

==== Baltica ====
'''Baltica''' (or '''Baltic,''' ru: '''Балтик''') was a Soviet clone of the 48K ZX Spectrum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baltica |url=http://zx.interface1.net/clones/baltica.html |website=Sinclair Nostalgia Products}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Baltic |url=http://zxbyte.ru/baltic_en.htm |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=zxbyte.ru}}</ref> Its CPU Z80 ran at a higher frequency (4&nbsp;MHz) which made it less compatible.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baltica |url=http://oldcomputermuseum.com/baltica.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=oldcomputermuseum.com}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> It was first released in 1988 by a company named ''Sonet'' from [[Minsk]] and different versions exist, with expanded hardware and operating systems, compared to the original ZX Spectrum.<ref name=":4" /><gallery>
File:Baltic Sonet.jpg|Baltic Sonet
</gallery>

==== Best III ====
The '''Best III''' was a ZX Spectrum clone made in [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best III |url=http://zx.interface1.net/clones/best3.html |website=Sinclair Nostalgia Products}}</ref> The size of the system unit is 16.8 × 10 × 2{{frac|1|2}}&nbsp;inches. Its CPU is a Russian Z80 clone.

==== Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 48/64 and 128 ====
The '''Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 48/64''' was Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum produced between 1992 and 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bi aM |url=http://zx.interface1.net/clones/biam.html#biam4864 |website=Sinclair Nostalgia Products}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=Bi Am (Russian) Sinclair ZX Spectrum 48-64 Clone |url=https://www.nightfallcrew.com/11/06/2016/bi-am-russian-sinclair-zx-spectrum-48-64-clone/ |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=nIGHTFALL Blog / RetroComputerMania.com}}</ref> The system unit is made of metal, and measures 10 × 8.4 × 2&nbsp;inches. The '''Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 128''' was a 128&nbsp;KB version of the same computer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bi aM |url=http://zx.interface1.net/clones/biam.html#biam128 |website=Sinclair Nostalgia Products}}</ref>

==== Blic ====
'''Blic''' (ru: '''Блиц''') or '''Blitz''' is a Soviet clone of the ZX Spectrum 48K, designed in 1990, and based on the earlier '''[[#Leningrad|Leningrad]]''' clone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://speccy.info/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86|title=Блиц — SpeccyWiki|website=speccy.info}}</ref> The ROM had been modified to display “BLIC Home Computer” alongside three rectangles which were respectively coloured blue, red, and green. The firmware contained a modified font of the Latin and Cyrillic alphabet. Keyboard layouts were switched between Cyrillic and Latin using the POKE 23607.56 and POKE 23607.56 commands, respectively. The layout of the [[Keyboard layout|Cyrillic keyboard]] is [[Keyboard layout#Russian QWERTY/QWERTZ-based phonetic layouts|YaWERT (яверт)]] rather than the more familiar [[JCUKEN]]. The keys were made of rubber, and their size and placement was virtually identical to that on the original ZX Spectrum 48K.

==== Byte ====
[[File:BYTE.jpg|left|thumb|This is the Soviet ZX Spectrum known as a Byte. this "Byte" is from 1990]]
'''Byte''' (ru: '''Байт''') was a Soviet clone made in [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]] by the ''Brest Electromechanical Plant''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Computer "Byte" and other rare Soviet Union computers |url=http://zxbyte.ru/index_en.htm |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=zxbyte.ru}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The manufacturer of computer "Byte" |url=http://zxbyte.ru/manufacturer_of_computer_byte.htm |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=zxbyte.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Administrator |title=Welcome! |url=http://www.bemzbrest.by/en.html |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=www.bemzbrest.by |language=en-gb}}</ref> Introduced in 1989, it used several Z80 CPU clones like the KR1858VM1, KR1858VM1 or T34VM1.<ref name=":5" /> Specifications are similar to the original Spectrum, with 48&nbsp;KB or RAM.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gelip |date=2014 |title="Bajt" - klon ZX Spectrum |url=http://www.facebook.com/pages/speccypl |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=speccy.pl |language=pl}}</ref> In 1992 an average of 1,705 computers were produced per month.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Statistics of production of a computer "Byte" |url=http://zxbyte.ru/statistics_of_production_computer_byte.htm |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=zxbyte.ru}}</ref> Production ended in 1995.<ref name=":6" />


==== BASIC and Breeze ====
These machines were produced at the [[Vladivostok]] plant ''Radiopribor'', based on South Korean microchips. They were sold in suitcase with a cassette containing programs and games. '''BASIC''' (ru: '''Бейсик''') came with 48&nbsp;KB of RAM, while the '''Breeze''' (ru: '''Бриз''') was a 128&nbsp;KB machine with a printer controller, disk drive and a sound chip.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basic -- Бейсик -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=400 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref>

==== Composite ====
The '''Composite''' (ru: '''Композит''') was a Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum introduced in 1993 by NTK (ru: НТК), with 48&nbsp;KB RAM. It is a modified version of [[Leningrad (computer)|'''Leningrad 2''']], produced by the Composite co-op.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sinclaircollection.site/?page_id=496|title=NTK Composite – Sinclair Collection Site}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.homecomputer.de/pages/f_info.html?Composite.html|title=HCM: The Home Computer Museum ...|website=www.homecomputer.de}}</ref>

==== Dubna 48K ====
{{Main|Dubna 48K}}
'''Dubna 48K''' (ru: '''Дубна 48К''') was a 1991 [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] clone of the ZX Spectrum home computer, named after the town of [[Dubna]], where it was produced. It used  Zilog Z80 processor clone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://k1.spdns.de/Vintage/Sinclair/82/Clones/Russia/Dubna-48K%20(%D0%94%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%9D%D0%90-48K)/|title=Directory: /Vintage/Sinclair/82/Clones/Russia/Dubna-48K (ДУБНА-48K)/}}</ref><ref name=":04">{{Cite web |title=Dubna 48k ROM |url=https://speccy4ever.speccy.org/_DU.htm |website=speccy4ever.speccy.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Teixeira |first=Luís |url=https://impactum-journals.uc.pt/rppedagogia/article/view/1647-8614_42-3_3/697 |title=Videojogos: Um (novo) média para a educação |journal=Revista Portuguesa de Pedagogia |year=2008 |pages= 37–53|doi=10.14195/1647-8614_42-3_3 }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum -- Dubna 48K -- Дубна 48К -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=327&lang=1&test=0 |website=www.leningrad.su}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Os 25 anos do 'Speccy' |url=https://www.dn.pt/arquivo/2007/os-25-anos-do-speccy-656642.html |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=www.dn.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
<gallery widths="250" heights="175">
File:Dubna 48k.jpg|Dubna 48K
File:Dubna_48k_outlook.jpg|Dubna 48K mainboard
</gallery>

==== Duet ====
The '''Duet''' (ru: '''Дуэт''') was a ZX Spectrum 48K clone produced at the ''Lianozovsky Electromechanical Plant'' (LEMZ, Moscow).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duet -- Дуэт -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=341 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref>

==== Ella Ra ====
The '''Ella Ra''', Also known as the '''Elara-Disk 128''', this was a Russian clone, made in 1991, of the ZX Spectrum 128K. It featured a 58-key keyboard, floppy disk drive, and ports for both Kempston and Sinclair joysticks. Whilst it is possible to expand the system, incompatibilities may arise due to some of the ports having been changed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zx.interface1.net/clones/ellara.html|title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones|website=zx.interface1.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rk.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/clones/russian.htm|title=Planet Sinclair: Computers: Clones and variants: Russian clones|website=rk.nvg.ntnu.no}}</ref>

==== GrandRomMax ====
The '''GrandRomMax''' was a Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum made in Moscow in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zx.interface1.net/clones/grandrommax.html|title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones|website=zx.interface1.net}}</ref> It is very similar to the [[Pentagon (computer)|Pentagon]], but was designed to be more like the original ZX Spectrum. Several variations exist of the system, with only minor differences between them. One version has an improperly configured [[Beta Disk Interface]], resulting in all information on the disk being destroyed when an attempt to write to it is made on a different machine.

The GrandRomMax is not easy to expand because some of its PL/M chips do not support the signals required for sending and receiving data to and from certain peripherals.

==== Grandboard 2+ ====
'''Grandboard 2+''' was a Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum, based on the GrandRomMax GRM2+ board. It was developed and manufactured in 1994 by the Independent Science-Manufacturing Laboratory of Computer Techniques in [[Fryazino]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/grandboard.html|title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Grandboard2+|website=www.interface1.net}}</ref>

* CPU: Z-80 NEC ([[8-bit]])
* Clock frequency: 3.45&nbsp;MHz
* RAM: 128&nbsp;KB
* Text: 24&nbsp;x&nbsp;32, eight possible colours
* Graphics: 256&nbsp;x&nbsp;192, eight possible colours
* Sound processor AY-8910m (YM 2149F)
* Dimensions: 350 × 280 × 35&nbsp;mm (13.2 × 8.4 × 2&nbsp;inches)

==== Gamma ====
The '''Gamma''' (ru: '''Гамма''') was a ZX Spectrum 48K clone produced by ''OKB Processor'', [[Voronezh]], in the late 1980s. The ROM was changed from the original machine, with lowercase Latin characters replaced by Cyrillic and Sinclair BASIC messages translated into Russian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gamma -- Гамма -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=337 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref>

==== Hobbit ====
{{main|Hobbit (computer)}}

'''[[Hobbit (computer)|Hobbit]]''' (''ru:'' '''''Хоббит''''') was a Soviet/Russian [[8-bit]] home computer, based on the Sinclair Research ZX Spectrum hardware architecture. It also featured a CP/M mode, and [[Forth (programming language)|Forth]] mode or [[Logo programming language|LOGO]] mode, with the Forth or LOGO operating environment residing in an on-board ROM chip.

==== Impulse ====
'''Impulse''' (ru: '''Импульс''') series was built by the ''RIP'' plant in [[Krasnodar]]. The keyboard had Cyrillic characters and the ROM was modified. The '''Impulse-M''' model featured a built-in SECAM encoder for connecting the computer to a TV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dosgametoxp.at.ua - ZX Spectrum clones |url=https://dosgametoxp.at.ua/index/zx_spectrum_clones/0-23 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=dosgametoxp.at.ua}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Impulse -- Импульс -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=342 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref>

==== Iskra-1085 ====
The '''Iskra-1085''' (ru: '''Искра 1085''') was a ZX Spectrum 48K clone with 64K of RAM. Developed in the second half of the 1980s, it was produced by ''Schetmash'' in [[Kursk]]. The computer had a built-in power supply.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iskra 1085 -- Искра 1085 -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=246 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref>

==== Julduz ====
The '''Julduz''' (Юлдуз, meaning "star" in [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]) was a ZX Spectrum clone aimed at schools, with 64&nbsp;KB of RAM.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frolov |first=Sergei |date=2013 |title=Julduz -- Юлдуз -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=524 |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref><gallery>
File:KYBT JULDUZ supeski komp da da eto on takoj ugu.JPG|Soviet made school personal computer "Julduz" (Azerbajdzan lang., mean "Star")
</gallery>

==== Kay 1024 ====
{{Main|Kay 1024}}
The '''[[Kay 1024]]''' was a Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum, released by NEMO in 1998. It was intended to rival the popular '''Scorpion ZS 256''', and had a slightly lower price despite carrying far more onboard RAM (1024&nbsp;KB). It features a controller for a standard PC keyboard, as well as an [[Hard disk drive|HDD]], but not for [[Floppy disk drive|FDDs]]; support for these was available via an expansion card. The [[Central processing unit|CPU]] has a turbo mode, enabling it to run at 10&nbsp;MHz.

==== Krasnogorsk ====
The '''Krasnogorsk''' (ru: '''Красного́рск''') was a Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum, named after the city in which it was built ([[Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast|Krasnogorsk]]). It was developed and manufactured in 1991, but not produced in the same quantities as the [[Leningrad (computer)|'''Leningrad 1''']].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=aneb |date=1999 |title=Ruské plečky |url=https://archive.org/download/zxmagazin/ZXMagazin_1999-03.pdf |journal=ZX Magazine |issue=3/4 |pages=24}}</ref>

==== Kvorum ====
The '''Kvorum''' (ru: '''КВОРУМ''')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://microhobby.speccy.cz/stalvsmvsevm/k.htm|title=Letra K|website=microhobby.speccy.cz}}</ref> were a series of Russian ZX Spectrum clones with three different [[Random-access memory|RAM]] options: 48&nbsp;KB ('''Kvorum 48'''); 64&nbsp;KB ('''Kvorum 64'''); 128&nbsp;KB ('''Kvorum 128'''). The '''Kvorum 128'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://school38vrn.ru/en/porty-kompyuterov-kvorum-kompyutery-kotorye-my-vybiraem.html|title=Computer Ports Quorum. The computers we choose|website=school38vrn.ru}}</ref> featured built-in tests, a memory monitor, and the possibility of copying in ROM. It also had the option of running CP/M and TR-DOS (via [[Beta Disk Interface|Beta Disk]]).

The '''Kvorum 128+''' had the same features as the Kvorum 128, but included a built-in 3.5″ drive.<gallery>
File:Компьютер Кворум.JPG|Kvorum
</gallery>

==== Leningrad ====
'''Leningrad''' is a series of Soviet clones of the ZX Spectrum.The '''Leningrad 1<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Planet Sinclair: Computers: Clones and variants: Russian clones |url=http://rk.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/clones/russian.htm |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=rk.nvg.ntnu.no}}</ref>''' was released in 1988, and was a clone of the 48K – it became the cheapest out of all the mass-made clones. They computer was designed to be as simple as possible, and more compact than the other clones which were available at the time. It was designed by [[Sergey Zonov]], who later went on and created the [[Scorpion (computer)|Scorpion]]. The '''Leningrad 2''' was released in 1991.<ref name=":2" /> The joystick port was changed to one which was Kempston-compatible, and the keyboard was much improved. It sold in great numbers.{{Citation needed|reason=Source, more information|date=January 2018}}

==== Master ====
The '''Master''' (ru: '''MACTEP''') was a Soviet clone of the ZX Spectrum made in 1990.'''<ref name=":2" />''' It ran at 2.5&nbsp;MHz with 48&nbsp;KB RAM, and It had ports for both Sinclair and Kempston joysticks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Master |url=http://oldcomputermuseum.com/master.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=oldcomputermuseum.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ZX SPECTRUM 48K CLONES AND VERSIONS |url=http://zxspectrum48.i-demo.pl/clones.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=zxspectrum48.i-demo.pl}}</ref>

==== Master K ====
'''Master K''' is a Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum made in [[Ivanovo]] in 1991.'''<ref name=":2" />''' It featured 48&nbsp;KB RAM, 16&nbsp;KB ROM, and a Kempston joystick interface. The dimensions of the system unit are 14 × 8 × 2{{frac|1|2}}&nbsp;inches, and its weight is approximately 1{{frac|1|2}}&nbsp;kg.{{Citation needed|reason=Source, more information|date=January 2018}}

==== Magic 05 ====
'''Magic-05''' or '''Магик-05''' is a home computer, based on Soviet components. Various models were developed and produced by the UOMZ and Vector plants ([[Yekaterinburg|Ekaterinburg]]).{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}<gallery>
File:Migic 05.png|Magic 05
</gallery>

==== Moskva ====
'''Moskva''' (ru: '''Москва''', en: Moscow) was the name of two Soviet ZX Spectrum clones. Introduced in 1988, the '''Moskva 48K<ref name=":2" />''' was the first mass-produced clone of the 48K Spectrum in the USSR. One year later, the '''Moskva 128K<ref name=":2" />''' was launched, and was a faithful clone of the ZX Spectrum 128K, featuring a built-in printer interface, joystick and TV/RGB ports, but lacked a sound processor and disk drive.{{Citation needed|reason=Source, more information|date=January 2018}}

==== Nafanja ====
'''Nafanja''' (ru: '''НАФАНЯ''') was a Soviet ZX Spectrum clone from 1990, which was designed to be transported in a case.'''<ref name=":2" />''' It was made for diplomats and children. It is compatible with [[Dubna 48K]], and has a [[joystick]] port. At the time of launch, its price was 650 [[rouble]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=arn |first=lift |title=Nafanja |url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/nafanja.html |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=Sinclair Nostalgia Products}}</ref>

==== Parus VI-201 ====
The '''Parus VI-201''' (ru: '''Парус BN-201''') was a Russian ZX Spectrum clone from 1992,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mebliok.com/otechestvennye-kompjutery-parus-vi-201|title=十堰晒恍新材料有限公司|website=www.mebliok.com}}</ref> designed for use as a [[video game console]]; ВИ (VI) stood for видео игра (video game). It was equipped with a Zilog Z80 processor, RF modulator, plus several [[DIN connector]]s for use with Kempston joysticks and an external cassette recorder.
<gallery>
File:Парус ВИ201.jpg|Парус ВИ201 (Parus VI201)
</gallery>

==== Orel BK-08 ====
The '''Orel BK-08''' (ru: '''Орель БК-08''') was a Ukrainian ZX Spectrum clone from 1991 which featured 64&nbsp;KB non-separate fast RAM, an NMI button, an extended keyboard with Cyrillic characters in the upper address of ROM, two Sinclair joystick ports, and one Kempston in both connectors (DIN connectors). The video signal is output via [[SRGB]], rather than an RF modulator. Memory access is clear (there is no conflict with the CPU and display controller) and display timing is the same as in the original ZX Spectrum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orel BK-08 - MCbx |url=http://oldcomputer.info/8bit/orel/index.htm |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=oldcomputer.info}}</ref>

==== Pentagon ====
{{main|Pentagon (computer)}}The '''Pentagon''' (ru: '''Пентагон''') [[home computer]] was a clone of the British-made [[Sinclair Research|Sinclair]] [[ZX Spectrum|ZX Spectrum 128]]. It was  manufactured by amateurs in the former [[Soviet Union]], following freely distributable documentation. Its [[Printed circuit board|PCB]] was copied all over the ex-USSR in 1991-1996, which made it a widespread ZX Spectrum clone. The name "Pentagon" derives from the shape of the original PCB (Pentagon 48), with a diagonal cut in one of the corners.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Pentagon — SpeccyWiki |url=http://speccy.info/Pentagon |website=speccy.info}}</ref>

==== Peters MC64 and MD-256S3 ====
The '''Peters MC64''' was a Russian ZX Spectrum clone from around 1993, made by [[Peters Plus, Ltd.]], who went on to make the [[Sprinter (computer)|'''Sprinter''']]. Its dimensions are 14 × 7.2 × 2&nbsp;inches.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Peters Plus Ltd |url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/peters.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Frolov |first=Sergei |date=2010 |title=Peters MP 64 Soviet Home Computer |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=334&lang=0&test=0 |website=SOVIET DIGITAL ELECTRONICS MUSEUM}}</ref> The '''Peters MD-256S3''' is an enhanced version of the MC64.<ref name=":3" />

==== Profi ====
The '''Profi''' or '''ZX-Profi''' is a Soviet ZX Spectrum clone developed in 1991 in Moscow by Kondor and Kramis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Profi |url=https://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/profi.html |website=Interface1.net |access-date=2023-01-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ATM-Turbo and others ZX Spectrum clones , history of Profi computer |url=http://zxpress.ru/article.php?id=18519&lng=eng |website=Zxpress.ru |access-date=2023-01-17 }}</ref><ref name=":2"/> It features a 7&nbsp;MHz Zilog Z80 CPU, up to 1024&nbsp;KB RAM, 64&nbsp;KB ROM, [[AY8910]] sound chip, [[Beta 128]] disk interface, [[Integrated Drive Electronics|IDE]] interface, and 512&nbsp;x&nbsp;240 multi-colour (i.e. two possible colours per 8&nbsp;x&nbsp;1 block) graphics mode for CP/M. Users liked to plug in two 8-bit DACs to play 4-channel modules of [[Scream Tracker]]. It also has both parallel and serial ports, and the possibility of attaching an IBM keyboard.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

[[File:Robik computer keyboard.png|thumb|Robik keyboard layouts]]

==== Robik ====
{{main|Robik}}
'''[[Arithmetic logic unit|ALU]] Robik''' ({{Langx|ru|Арифметико-Логическое Устройство «Робик»|lit=Arithmetic Logic Unit «Robik»}}) was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] and [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] [[ZX Spectrum]] clone produced between 1989 and 1998 by NPO "Rotor" in [[Cherkasy]] (Ukraine).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Demidenko |first=Gennadiy |date=May 2024 |title=Історія та статистика побутового комп'ютера "Робік" |trans-title=The History and Statistic of the Robik home computer |url=https://cherkasy-city.itch.io/legends-of-bytes-10 |url-status=live |format=PDF |journal=Legends of Bytes |language=uk |location=Cherkasy |publisher=G. Demidenko |issue=10 |pages=30–101 |archive-url=https://archive.org/details/legends_of_bytes/LegendsOfBytesIssue10 |archive-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>

==== Santaka 002 ====
A ZX Spectrum+ clone produced in 1990 in [[Kaunas]] (as mentioned on the computer startup screen),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Repairing Santaka-002 ZX Spectrum clone – Ask Notes |url=http://asknotes.com/2020/08/25/repairing-santaka-002-zx-spectrum-clone/ |access-date=2023-01-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> then on the [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Lithuanian SSR]]. Its keyboard features Cyrillic characters rather than Latin ones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Santaka 002 |url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/santaka.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SANTAKA-002 |url=http://by-anisky.narod.ru/santaka002/santaka002.htm |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=by-anisky.narod.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=HCM: The Home Computer Museum ... |url=http://www.homecomputer.de/pages/f_info.html?Santaka_002.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.homecomputer.de}}</ref><ref name=":2"/>

==== Scorpion ZS-256 ====
{{Main|Scorpion ZS-256}}

The '''Scorpion ZS-256''' (ru: '''Скорпион ЗС-256''') was a very widespread ZX Spectrum clone produced in [[St. Petersburg]] by Sergey Zonov.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/scorpion.html|title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Scorpion ZS-256|website=www.interface1.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://speccy.info/Scorpion|title=Scorpion — SpeccyWiki|website=speccy.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scorpion-zs.com/|title=Scorpion ZS|website=scorpion-zs.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scorpion-zs.narod.ru/|title=Главная страница.|website=scorpion-zs.narod.ru}}</ref> It was fitted with a Zilog Z80 processor, whilst memory options ranged from 256 to 1024&nbsp;KB. Various expansions were produced, including SMUC: an adapter for [[Integrated Drive Electronics|IDE]] and [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]] slots, which allowed the use of [[IBM PC compatible]] [[hard drive]]s and expansion cards. The Shadow Service Monitor (debugger) in the BASIC ROM was activated by pressing the Magic Button (NMI). There was also the option of fitting the machine with a ProfROM which included such software as a clock, hard disk utilities and the ZX-Word text editor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Scorpion ZS-256 |url=https://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/scorpion.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref><gallery>
File:Плата компютера Scorpion ZS-256 Turbo.jpg|Scorpion ZS-256 Turbo mainboard
</gallery>

==== Sever 48/002 ====
'''Sever 48/002''' (ru: '''Север 48/002''') was a Soviet ZX Spectrum clone from 1990, whose name means 'North' (Север). It had 64&nbsp;KB of RAM, and a 16&nbsp;KB ROM. The dimensions of the system unit are 12 × 8 × 2{{frac|1|2}}&nbsp;inches, and its weight is 1{{frac|1|2}}&nbsp;kg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBnf-AOP-dM |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/UBnf-AOP-dM |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=SEVER Soviet Spectrum clone|date=15 May 2016 |via=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Sever (Nord) 48/002 |url=https://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/sever.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:Компьютер_Север-48_002.JPG|Sever (Север) 48/002
</gallery>

==== Sintez and -Sintez- ====
The '''Sintez''' and '''-Sintez-''' are Soviet clones of the ZX Spectrum developed in the "Signal" factory (НПО «Сигнал») within the [[Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic|Moldovan SSR]] in 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sinclaircollection.site/?page_id=484|title=Signal Sintez 2 – Sinclair Collection Site}}</ref> The original '''Sintez''' resembled the Spectrum+ model, while the '''-Sintez-''' was an improved version with a more common mechanical keyboard, an additional serial port, as well as the provision for an [[Intel 8080|8080]] or related processor (e.g. 8255) to be added and used together with the UA 880. Whilst it is largely compatible with software for the ZX Spectrum 48K (and has two Interface 2 joystick ports) its hardware is configured differently from the machine it is based on, utilising a different memory chip set-up, and lacking slowdown when accessing certain areas of memory, with the result that certain applications and games may produce unexpected results, or crash altogether.

==== Spektr 48 ====
'''Spektr 48''' (ru: '''Срektр 48''') was a Russian clone of the 48K ZX Spectrum, produced in 1991 by Oryol (Орёл). It used a membrane keyboard which featured both Latin and Cyrillic letters, and came with a monitor program in ROM.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - Spektr 48 |url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/spektr48.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref>

==== Symbol ====
The '''Symbol''' (ru: '''Симбол''') was a Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frolov |first=Sergei |date=2010 |title=Symbol Символ Soviet Home Computer |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=365 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref> produced by JSC "Radiozavod" in [[Penza]] from 1990 to 1995.{{Citation needed|reason=Source,more informations|date=January 2018}}
<gallery>
File:Soviet computer SYMBOL.jpg|Soviet computer SYMBOL
</gallery>

==== Vega ====
The '''Vega-64''' and '''Vega-128'''  were produced in [[Odesa]] by the ''VPO Prometheus'' from 1990 to 1991. It was used a school computer, and supported both Cyrillic and Latin character sets.

==== Vesta ====
'''Vesta''' (ru: '''Веста''') was a series of machines produced by the [[Stavropol]] radio plant ''Signal.'' The '''Vesta IK-30''' is a ZX Spectrum 48K clone with a 40-button keyboard, external power supply and a joystick.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vesta IK-30 -- Веста ИК-30 -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=361 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref> '''Vesta IK-30M''' and '''Vesta IK-31''' are more modern models.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vesta IK-31 -- Веста ИК-31 -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=344 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref>

==== Vostok ====
The '''Vostok''' was a ZX Spectrum 48K clone, produced by the ''[[Izhevsk]] Radio Plant.'' It came with a Kempston joystick interface and a built-in tape recorder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vostok -- Восток -- Коллекция советской цифровой электроники |url=http://www.leningrad.su/museum/show_calc.php?n=575 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Soviet Digital Electronics Museum}}</ref>

==== ZX Next ====
'''ZX Next''' is a Russian ZX Spectrum clone with two Z80 processors (one serving as a video processor). It features an RS-232 port, turbo mode, IBM keyboard, 10&nbsp;Mbit/s local network interface, and a CGA graphics mode with 640×200 pixel resolution. Its RAM is expandable to 512&nbsp;KB.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - ZX Next |url=https://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/zxnext.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref> The machine also goes by the names '''ZX-Forum 2''' and '''ZX Frium2'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sinclair Nostalgia Products - Sinclair Clones - ZX Next |url=http://www.interface1.net/zx/clones/zxnext.html |access-date=2023-01-17 |website=www.interface1.net}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Not to be confused with the [[ZX Spectrum Next|Sinclair ZX Spectrum Next]] released in 2017.

==== ZXM series ====
This is a series of Russian ZX Spectrum clones designed by Mick Laboratory.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://micklab-ru.translate.goog/MyComputer.htm?_x_tr_sch=http&_x_tr_sl=ru&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=pt-PT&_x_tr_pto=wapp|title=Mick Laboratory - Мои компьютеры|website=micklab-ru.translate.goog}}</ref>

The '''ZXM-777''' was developed in 2006,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://micklab.ru/My%20Computer/ZXM777.htm|title=Mick Laboratory - ZXM-777}}</ref> and uses a TMPZ84C00-8 CPU at 3.5&nbsp;MHz in normal mode, or 7.0&nbsp;MHz in turbo mode. It features 128 KB of RAM, a YM2149F sound chip, a floppy disk controller, and can TR-DOS, BASIC 128, or ASIC 48.<ref name=":0" />

The '''ZXM-Phoenix''' was introduced in 2008,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://micklab.ru/My%20Computer/ZXMPhoenix.htm|title=Mick Laboratory - ZXM-Phoenix}}</ref> and uses a KR1858VM1 (Z80A clone) CPU running at  3.5&nbsp;MHz, or a TMPZ84C00-8 running at 3.5&nbsp;MHz in normal mode, or 7.0&nbsp;MHz in turbo mode. It has 1024/2048&nbsp;KB of RAM, floppy and hard drive controllers, and features mouse support.<ref name=":1" />

The '''ZXM-Alcyon''' was developed in late 2015, and is based on the transformation of an ''Igrosoft'' slot machine board (which uses a Zilog Z80 microprocessor) into a ZX Spectrum compatible machine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://micklab.ru/My%20Computer/ZXMAlcyon.htm|title=Mick Laboratory - ZXM-Alcyon}}</ref>

The '''ZXM-Jasper''' was developed in 2016, and is also based on the ''Igrosoft'' board, but its goal was to be a [[Pentagon (computer)|Pentagon-compatible]] machine<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://micklab.ru/My%20Computer/ZXMJasper.htm|title=Mick Laboratory - ZXM-Jasper}}</ref>

The '''ZXM-Zephyr''' is a 2013 development, based on the ZXM-Phoenix.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://micklab.ru/My%20Computer/ZXMZephyr.htm|title=Mick Laboratory - ZXM-Zephyr}}</ref> It is Spectrum compatible, and adds a USB connection, and an SD card reader.