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Rectifier
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====Active rectifier==== {{main|Active rectification}} [[Image:Diode mosfet.svg|thumb|250px|Voltage drop across a diode and a [[power MOSFET|MOSFET]]. The low on-resistance property of a MOSFET reduces ohmic losses compared to the diode rectifier (below 32 A in this case), which exhibits a significant voltage drop even at very low current levels. Paralleling two MOSFETs (pink curve) reduces the losses further, whereas paralleling several diodes won't significantly reduce the forward-voltage drop.]] Active rectification is a technique for improving the efficiency of rectification by replacing [[diode]]s with actively controlled switches such as [[transistor]]s, usually [[power MOSFET]]s or [[power BJT]]s.<ref name="emadi"/> Whereas normal semiconductor diodes have a roughly fixed voltage drop of around 0.5 to 1 volts, active rectifiers behave as resistances, and can have arbitrarily low voltage drop. Historically, [[vibrator (electronic)|vibrator]]-driven switches or motor-driven [[commutator (electric)|commutator]]s have also been used for [[mechanical rectifier]]s and synchronous rectification.<ref> {{cite book | title = Standard polyphase apparatus and systems | edition = 5th | author = Maurice Agnus Oudin | publisher = Van Nostrand | date = 1907 | page = [https://archive.org/details/standardpolypha00oudigoog/page/n248 236] | url = https://archive.org/details/standardpolypha00oudigoog | quote = synchronous rectifier commutator. }}</ref> Active rectification has many applications. It is frequently used for arrays of photovoltaic panels to avoid reverse current flow that can cause overheating with partial shading while giving minimum power loss.
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