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Rubik's Cube
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==Exhibits and art== [[File:Huge-Cube.jpg|thumb|upright=0.68|Large Rubik's Cube built on the University of Michigan's North Campus]] [[File:Prizor iz Cádiza.jpg|thumb|Rubik's Cube, as decoration, in [[Cádiz]], Spain]] [[Liberty Science Center]] in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], and [[Google]] designed an interactive exhibit based on the Rubik's Cube.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lsc.org/cube |title=Liberty Science Center |access-date=15 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620144921/http://lsc.org/cube/ |archive-date=20 June 2012 }}</ref> It opened in April 2014 in celebration of the 40th anniversary of the Cube's invention before traveling internationally for seven years.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.yahoo.com/cubism-rubik-helps-toys-anniversary-exhibit-212056694.html | location=New York | agency=Associated Press | title=Cubism? Rubik helps with toy's anniversary exhibit | first=Ted | last=Shaffrey | date=27 April 2012}}</ref> Exhibition elements include a 35-foot-tall rooftop cube made of lights that people can manipulate with their cellphones, a $2.5 million cube made of diamonds, a giant walk-in cube displaying the inner workings of the puzzle, and cube-solving robots.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/07/science/rubiks-cube-enjoys-another-turn-in-the-spotlight.html | location=New York | work=The New York Times | title=Rubik's Cube Twists Back Into Limelight | first=Douglas | last=Quenqua | date=6 August 2012}}</ref> Probably from the earliest days of the Rubik's Cube craze in the 1980s people have assembled cubes to form simple art pieces, several early 'Folk Artists' are noted for their work.<ref name="holly.wordthunder.com">[http://holly.wordthunder.com/ The Rubik's Cube Designs of Fred Holly] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831055221/http://holly.wordthunder.com/ |date=31 August 2009 }}</ref><ref name="playagaingames.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.playagaingames.com/entertainment/rubiks_cube_art|title=Jacob Davenport » Rubik's Cube Art|website=www.playagaingames.com}}</ref> Rubik's Cubes have also been the subject of several pop art installations. Owing to their popularity as a children's toy several artists and groups have created large Rubik's Cubes. Tony Rosenthal's [[Alamo (sculpture)|''Alamo'']] (The ''Astor Place Cube'') is a spinnable statue of a Cube standing in [[New York City]]. Once the cube was covered with coloured panels so that it resembled a Rubik's Cube.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/19/nyregion/19cube.html?_r=1|title=The Cube, Restored, Is Back and Turning at Astor Place |last=Moynihan|first=Colin|date=19 November 2005|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=18 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alltooflat.com/pranks/cube/|title=All Too Flat : Pranks : Cube|access-date=29 May 2009}}</ref> Similarly, the [[University of Michigan]] students covered ''[[Endover]]'' creating a large Rubik's Cube on the [[University of Michigan Central Campus Historic District|University of Michigan's Central Campus]] for [[April Fools' Day|April Fool's Day]] in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|last=McKinney|first=Todd|title=Photo: Blue-bik's cube|url=http://www.ur.umich.edu/0708/Apr07_08/18.php|access-date=3 December 2010|newspaper=The University Record Online|date=7 April 2008|agency=The Regents of the University of Michigan|archive-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224153003/https://www.ur.umich.edu/0708/Apr07_08/18.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Rubik's Cubism=== Beyond the Folk Art of the 1980s and 1990s, and the simple replication of a Rubik's Cube in oversized form, artists have developed a pointillist art style using the cubes. Rubik's Cube Art a.k.a. '''Rubik's Cubism''' or RubikCubism makes use of a standard Rubik's Cube, a popular puzzle toy of the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.space-invaders.com/rubikcubism_.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307005404/http://www.space-invaders.com/rubikcubism_.html|url-status=dead|title=Rubikcubism|archivedate=7 March 2012}}</ref> The earliest recorded artworks appear to have been created by Fred Holly, a legally blind man in his 60s in the mid-1980s.<ref name="holly.wordthunder.com"/> These early pieces focus on geometrics and colour patterns. There does not appear to be other recorded art pieces until the mid-1990s by cube aficionados involved in the puzzle and game industry.<ref name="playagaingames.com"/> [[File:Mosaic40percent.JPG|thumb|Pete Fecteau's "Dream Big" piece in the making]] The Folk art form reached another level of its evolution with the development and maturity into a Pop art form consisting of pointillist Cube Art renderings. The street artist who uses the alias "[[Invader (artist)|Invader]]" or "Space Invader" started exhibiting pointillist pieces, including one of a man behind a desk and Mario Bros, using Rubik's Cube in June 2005 in an exhibition named 'Rubik Cubism' at Sixspace in Los Angeles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.space-invaders.com/RUBIKCUBISM__.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303165549/http://www.space-invaders.com/RUBIKCUBISM__.html|url-status=dead|title=RUBIKCUBISM / A LOGICAL EXHIBITION OF INVADER AT SIXSPACE / LA. 2005<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=3 March 2012}}</ref> Prior to this exhibition the artist had used Rubik's Cubes to create giant Space Invaders.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.space-invaders.com/rs2.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313200939/http://www.space-invaders.com/rs2.html|url-status=dead|title=Rubik Space By Invader<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=13 March 2012}}</ref> Another artist includes Robbie Mackinnon of Toronto Canada<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cubeworks.ca/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403071310/http://www.cubeworks.ca/index.php|url-status=dead|title=Home|archivedate=3 April 2011|website=Cubeworks}}</ref> with earliest published work in 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twoguysfromtoronto.com/blog/2008/03/22/rubiks-cube-art/|title=Twoguysfromtoronto.com|website=www.twoguysfromtoronto.com|access-date=27 August 2023|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423133830/http://www.twoguysfromtoronto.com/blog/2008/03/22/rubiks-cube-art/|url-status=dead}}</ref> who claims to have developed his pointillist Cube Art years earlier while being a teacher in China. Robbie Mackinnon's work has been exhibited in Ripley's Believe it or Not and focussed on using pop-art, while Space Invader has exhibited his Cube Art alongside mosaic Space Invaders in commercial and public galleries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.space-invaders.com/exhibitions.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223203056/http://www.space-invaders.com/exhibitions.html|url-status=dead|title=Exhibitions<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=23 February 2012}}</ref> In 2010 artist Pete Fecteau created "Dream Big",<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://petefecteau.com/2011/04/15/dream-big/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305071922/http://petefecteau.com/2011/04/15/dream-big/|url-status=dead|archivedate=5 March 2012|title=Dream Big « Pete Fecteau }}</ref> a tribute to ''[[Martin Luther King Jr.]]'' using 4,242 officially licensed Rubik's Cubes. Fecteau also worked with the organization You Can Do The Rubik's Cube<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youcandothecube.com/cube-mosaics/|title=You Can Do The Cube Official Site|access-date=22 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126154840/http://www.youcandothecube.com/cube-mosaics/|archive-date=26 January 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> to create two separate guides designed to teach school children how to create Rubik's Cube mosaics from templates which he also created. ===Music=== Italian composer Maria Mannone created a cube called "CubeHarmonic" which has musical note names on its facets, creating different chord structures depending on its configuration.<ref>{{cite news|first=Siobhan|last=Roberts|title=The Rubik's Cube Turns 50|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/01/science/rubiks-cube-puzzles.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 July 2024|access-date=4 July 2024}}</ref>
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