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Uncertainty principle
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=== Free will === Some scientists, including [[Arthur Compton]]<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.74.1911.172| title = The Uncertainty Principle and Free Will| journal = Science| volume = 74| issue = 1911| pages = 172| year = 1931| last1 = Compton | first1 = A. H. | pmid=17808216|bibcode = 1931Sci....74..172C | s2cid = 29126625}}</ref> and [[Martin Heisenberg]],<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/459164a| pmid = 19444190| title = Is free will an illusion?| journal = Nature| volume = 459| issue = 7244| pages = 164β165| year = 2009| last1 = Heisenberg | first1 = M. |bibcode = 2009Natur.459..164H | s2cid = 4420023| doi-access = free}}</ref> have suggested that the uncertainty principle, or at least the general probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics, could be evidence for the two-stage model of free will. One critique, however, is that apart from the basic role of quantum mechanics as a foundation for chemistry, [[Quantum biology|nontrivial biological mechanisms requiring quantum mechanics]] are unlikely, due to the rapid [[Quantum decoherence|decoherence]] time of quantum systems at room temperature.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.biosystems.2004.07.001| pmid = 15555759| title = Does quantum mechanics play a non-trivial role in life?| journal = Biosystems| volume = 78| issue = 1β3| pages = 69β79| year = 2004| last1 = Davies | first1 = P. C. W. | bibcode = 2004BiSys..78...69D}}</ref> Proponents of this theory commonly say that this decoherence is overcome by both screening and decoherence-free subspaces found in biological cells.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
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